There are reasons why folks know the names of notes in some positions better than others.
When I was playing a lot of bass for folks in low rent with bands that were playing standard music and never rehearsing, I generally only paid attention to the low string and worked my parts out (often on the fly) around the relative pitches.
If you're trying to keep up with the bass part on a song you've never heard before while performing it on stage, it's much more relevant (and far easier/faster) to know the position of the minor 3 note of the scale than it is to know what note is the minor 3.
Over the decades I play a lot more piano, and that changes. I play a lot of blues and jazz but am quite poor at reading typical rep for the instrument. While I started out mostly playing using chord fingerings (and inversions), the more I play the more specific I can get on my understanding of actual notes. Because I've been playing a lot of clarinet (which forces me to transpose a whole lot, including reading a part and transposing on the fly), the names of specific notes has gotten a whole lot more important, but also easier with practice.
On the pedal steel (which I have only been playing for a decade on and am still coming to terms with), while I can pull all that knowledge I am still usually playing based on a notes position- I know what string/lever combo is going to get the 6 note in a given scale rather than thinking "I need to play an A to get this C chord to be a C6, and that's this position on the neck with the BC pedals down or that position with the LKR lever pushed.
All that is to say, it's okay to not know the names of notes if you understand their function related to the melody.
This makes it hard to compose and study music, since I take a long time to transpose and navigate the harmonic field, but it's a tradeoff that I need to do, my brain doesn't work otherwise.
This is exactly the same for me. The guitar fretboard is essentially synesthesia for me when I hear music. I hear a melody and part of my brain feels the shape of the fingerings as I go. It’s been like this for maybe 30 years or so (I started guitar at a really young age.)
I have no idea if this is common for guitar players though (I assume so? If you’re the sort of player that can play solos, you probably already “audiate” sounds via fingering) but it means I can basically always immediately play a song after hearing it once, even if it’s just the basic melody. I also have what I’d call “weak” perfect pitch (I can easily conjure an E in my head and then figure out from there what note I’m hearing via well-trained relative pitch) so often I can get the exact notes right the first time.
But that feeling of "just knowing" is common among a lot of instruments and players.
I know that if I play some fingering on the clarinet, or jut grab a chord on the pedal steel, or whatever it's going to do what I intend without thinking about naming what I intend to do, just like i don't think about spelling, punctation, or letter position when I type (even though I often need to edit LOL).
So I agree- if I am playing bass with folks I will often just start playing without thinking too much about what notes I am playing beyond trying to decide on the general tonic key of the song.
Before this, I was _mostly_ remembering the "safe" notes, but the occasional stumbles break the flow badly, and the tabs have helped. Surprisingly, since I started doing this, its helped me memorize the scale and make fewer mistakes, generally.
I wonder if it's because tab usually has "low" strings on the bottom, like in sheet music (lower pitches are at the bottom) and when we (guitarists) are playing chords with melody notes in them (bluegrass, jazz), we talk about the melody notes being on "top".
Highly recommend it.
If you play the open E string, the octave for this is on the D string 2nd fret.
The easiest way I found was to think of the notes on each of the strings are a repeated pattern starting in different positions.
Start with the whole notes (no sharps or flats)
EFGABCD ABCDEFG
Once you've got them down you can learn the sharps/flats
The next was discovering the tonal center or 'root' of a song. A lot of gears clicked into place at that point.