I distinctly remember that there were separate apps for spreadsheets (Lotus 1-2-3 [0]), charts (Harvard Graphics [1]) and word processing (Chi Writer [2]).
And now we just have a basic office suite for free in one website.
0 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_1-2-3
Here's a deck I had it generate about how the URL format works: https://bit.ly/4yRBc1v
Edit: realized it looks like the data is stored in the url, which is a neat approach but I guess its not really that close.
Permalinks are needed to share documents, which would be something like a link shortener, with the target updating as the document is updated.