When one hears 2-6%, it is just the floor.
1. Perfect roads. Little visible construction despite high traffic: no corruption.
2. Awful roads. Almost no visible construction - medium corruption.
3. Continuous years-long construction. Roads always semi -closed, semi-permanent "work zone". When one construction ends, another immediately starts - extremely high corruption
the leaders of Germany, France, and Spain meet to discuss infrastructure...says the German chancelor: see this autobahn? 10% in my pocket...comes the French president and says: this autoroute? 20%...ha!, the Spanish prime minister says, you don't see no autopista here do you?
You send aid to a drought-stricken farmer to some sub-saharan region with ample cheap data but no (stable) banks, how...are they supposed to store the money?
Stablecoins are what are supposed to be stable sources of value, but Zeke Faux's book Number Go Up points out how opaque and unaccountable the companies managing these currencies are. From his reporting, their "tractor app" appears to be not so much farmers in sub-saharan Africa receiving aid payments but criminals looking for anonymous ways to transfer lots of money.
https://theleahfiles.substack.com/p/the-currency-killer-part...
Did you know Tether (cryptocurrency company) is in the top 20 USD treasury holders, more than most countries?
And Lutnick is the manager of those funds, or his sons are (silly mistake!) because he divested completely.
> We estimate an implied leakage ...
So the estimation became almost a fact in the title? What's the equivalent of clickbait in papers?
The rest of that sentence:
> ... of 2 to 6 cents per aid dollar, which amounts to roughly 1.7 to 4.4 billion dollars of aid diversion across the tranche arrivals we study.
This isn't a clickbait in the paper, but by the submitter.
Original post: While you're being rude and it would be worth cutting the first half of your comment, that's a good point that "2-6%" is still clearly an estimation.
If you can imagine a valid world in which a measure is an indicator of a property and also imagine a valid world in which the same measure is an indicator of its inverse, all you have done is proven that the measure cannot be used to determine the truth of the property.