75 pointsby rbanffyan hour ago10 comments
  • vintagedavean hour ago
    > The latest proposal applies to permits for a "minor source" of air pollution ... [the Vantage data center was estimated to contribute] between $53 million and $99 million in annual health damages, the largest estimate for any single facility ever.

    'The largest estimate for any single facility ever.'

    'Minor source.'

    I give you double-speak, gentlefolks of HN. Name it something - anything - and you frame it in those terms forever. It will take significant work to not refer to these as 'minor sources' when debating if they are a minor source.

    • docdeek42 minutes ago
      FTA: 'The largest estimate for any single facility ever.'

      From the researcher: 'We estimated between $53 million and $99 million in annual health damages from associated air pollution — among the largest health-damage estimates produced for a single facility to date.' [0]

      Still enormous, but there is a significant difference between being 'THE X of all time, and being 'among the X of all time'.

      Regarding 'minor source', in this case the expected additional premature deaths in the research range from 3.4 to 6.5 annually. [1] At the same time, air pollution leads to about 100,000 deaths a year in the US. While tragic at an individual level, adding 0.006% to the annual premature death count is fairly minor, just as reducing the deaths to 999,994 would be considered a pretty minor fix to the issue.

      [0]: https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/analyzing-air-pollution-health...

      [1]: https://www.pecva.org/wp-content/uploads/Health-Impacts-Vant...

      [2]: https://sustainability.stanford.edu/news/identifying-sources...

      • da_chicken21 minutes ago
        > Regarding 'minor source', in this case the expected additional premature deaths in the research range from 3.4 to 6.5 annually. [1] At the same time, air pollution leads to about 100,000 deaths a year in the US. While tragic at an individual level, adding 0.006% to the annual premature death count is fairly minor, just as reducing the deaths to 999,994 would be considered a pretty minor fix to the issue.

        I just love the irony of being absurdly callous and dismissive of human life while also getting the basic math wrong.

        Nevermind that the 100,000 figure is across the nation of 300 million and includes things like automotive exhaust, while the other number is likely to be borne by that one specific community. Indeed, if you look at the study[0] your article cites -- which is looking at what we should be working on reducing -- industrial deaths are under 30,000, and electrical are around 10,000. So below half of your figure.

        [0]: https://pubs.acs.org/estlcu/article/7/9/639/504911/Reducing-...

      • ropbear17 minutes ago
        And this reasoning is exactly how we got here in the first place.

        “It’s not that bad, just a little bad, so it’s okay”

        We’re talking about air pollution and death rates, not financial risk.

        • docdeek11 minutes ago
          I’m not suggesting it is OK or not OK, just that ‘minor source’ of air pollution is probably the right term to use in context for this single site.
      • croes10 minutes ago
        But that’s already the framing.

        A minor source should never lead to deaths or to put it otherwise No deaths = minor source

        deaths = major source

        Many deaths = majormost source

        Now we just need define many but we already know its a major source of pollution that kills people

      • watwut28 minutes ago
        Health costs don't matter, because someone else is paying them. We handwave them with "well only 3-4 additional people die after paying that cost.

        The air pollution does not matter, because global warming already exists and air is already polluted. And making all that worst also does not matter, because who cares about anything but what AI companies want.

    • internet_pointsan hour ago
      https://www.pecva.org/wp-content/uploads/Health-Impacts-Vant... the report

      > Based on Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VA DEQ) air permit No. 74242, the facility is authorized to operate eight natural-gas simple-cycle turbines and more than fifty diesel generators, including emergency and black-start units

      • conspan hour ago
        So it is a low efficiency power station with some servers attached to it.
        • consensus123 minutes ago
          People complain when you hook them up to the high efficiency generators that power the grid, so this is what they get.
    • Gormo8 minutes ago
      I'm seeing a lot of these sorts of articles talking about things like air pollution, but something seems a bit off, given that, to my knowledge, computers do not produce any emissions at all.

      The article lumps data centers in with landfills, laundromats, and steel mills. But landfills, laundromats, and steel mills all involve physical waste products that can have chemical or biological effects on the surrounding environment. What waste products do data centers output?

      The article talks about expanding a fossil fuel plant as the source of the pollution question in the Virginia example, which seems only tangentially related to data centers, which don't care what specific technologies are used to generate fungible electricity.

      Are these disingenuous attempts to attribute pollution originating from power plants to one specific, cherry-picked application of electrical power (despite the increasing prevalence of clean generation technologies over polluting ones and despite lots of other, unrelated drivers of increased demand for electrical power)? Or is there something more to these arguments that I'm missing?

      • Tyr42a minute ago
        [delayed]
    • j1elo37 minutes ago
      - 'How many fingers, Winston?'
  • Zambyte34 minutes ago
    It seems like there will be a collapse in building data centers, to the point that a large amount of the newly built ones will be reclaimed for other things. There is a very large group of people who are against building new data centers because they hate AI (and any pollution related arguments these people make are in support of their primary concern, being AI). But on the flip side of that, even people that I know that go out of their way to use AI, mostly seem interested in building their own AI rigs and running everything locally. I know that's what I do; I almost never use any hosted AI services these days, but I'm using more tokens than ever. The demand for data centers from people who actually like AI even seems to be plummeting.
    • Gormo13 minutes ago
      We're already at the point where a few months worth of an SMB's token usage from the SaaS LLM providers costs is equivalent to the cost of installing on-prem infrastructure capable of running cutting-edge open-weight models at scale. At my company, we recently installed a server with an array of Gaudi 2 cards on our server rack, and have set up an Open WebUI frontend to expose an LLM connected to all of our internal resources to our staff. The total cost was about $20k, which we'd easily eat up with six months worth of equivalent Claude usage.

      We'd originally set this up to be able to locally run larger models, in the 300-400 billion parameter range, but the rate of improvement of open-weight models has been so fast that, coupled with extensive custom skill creation, we're now getting similar results out of Qwen3.8 27B to we were getting out of Qwen 3.5 297B when we started out with the project, which frees enough memory allows 20-25 users to have 256K context concurrently. Both the hardware, the software, and the models are improving at an accelerating rate.

      Investing in data centers to support SaaS LLM providers today feels a bit like investing in mainframes and minicomputers in the late '70s, with a massive paradigm shift lurking right around hte corner.

      Actually, it's probably already closer to the early '80s, given that purpose-built local AI workstations are already available at price points lower than the inflation-adjusted initial price of the original IBM PC.

    • nonethewiser20 minutes ago
      How is anti pollution argument pro ai?

      And even if you do inference at home you are not training the models. Moreover, most people certainly are not doing inference locally.

      • Zambyte10 minutes ago
        > How is anti pollution argument pro ai?

        What? (Edit: I think you misread "in support of their primary concern, being AI" as "in support of AI"? People who complain about pollution are usually mostly concerned about AI, and they use arguments of pollution to strengthen their argument against AI related things.)

        > And even if you do inference at home you are not training the models.

        No, and training does use a large amount of energy on a large amount of hardware. But:

        - That sort of workload doesn't really require many distributed data centers, only a few powerful ones. I believe training is also getting cheaper for the achieving higher levels of capabilities, but I don't think the efficiency advancement has been as dramatic as it has been for inference.

        - I believe we are really hitting a wall of diminishing returns, especially at the high end of large models. There is lower demand for training, because models are good enough to have a reasonably long shelf life at this point. Year+ old models that were SOTA in their time are still useful today. The demand for training is going down.

        > Moreover, most people certainly are not doing inference locally.

        Maybe not, but I think most people who go out of their way to use LLMs because they find them useful for their work actually are. Though most inference is probably from people who do it accidentally (as a part of a search result or something) or students who don't have the resources to do it themselves. But basically every software engineer that I personally know that uses AI for programming is either running their inference on their own hardware, or is talking about building a rig to do it.

    • XorNot33 minutes ago
      What are you running at home, out of interest?

      While I cautiously circle the AI programming concept, one thing close to my mind has definitely been whether the ultimately cloud-tied nature of it is what makes me much more stand offish to it.

      • kodoman25 minutes ago
        I am GPU poor and have a piece of crap rx570 8GB but still get ok performance out of qwen3.5-9B-4bit and various fine tuned versions. Plan on finally buying a decent gpu like a amd 7900 xtx. I still use claude for coding primarily but do research locally. What everyone has said about qwen3.8 though is making me feel I really need to invest in a decent rig.
      • vrganj31 minutes ago
        Not the parent, but I'm enjoying Qwen 3.8 27B on my Strix Halo machine.
        • Zambyte21 minutes ago
          Also running Qwen 3.8 27b, on a 7900 XTX. I've been able to comfortably do a large majority of my programming locally since about Qwen 3.5.

          I also use pi.dev as my agent harness.

  • cmiles8an hour ago
    There isn’t much the federal government can do here. Planning permission is very local in the US. If local officials don’t want a data center it isn’t happening.

    In most communities these days you’d have better luck proposing to build a toxic waste processing facility than a data center.

    • detourdog35 minutes ago
      FERC is some sort of law that takes control of local ordnances to force local municipalities to accept energy infrastructure.

      https://ferc.gov/

      • cmiles834 minutes ago
        In theory yes. In practice if the local congressman wants to keep their job they’ll block it at any cost if there’s local opposition.
        • detourdog7 minutes ago
          I watched Massachusetts fail at this opposition about a decade ago. Courts sided with the feds.
    • roosterIllusi0n40 minutes ago
      They can certainly look the other way when these small town boards get paid off to allow the datacenter.
      • cmiles831 minutes ago
        Well the reason data center stuff is news is that local boards are resisting all the usual efforts. It’s been quite extraordinary, but town after town is sending the data center folks packing.
    • unrented797723 minutes ago
      No? This isn't a planning permission question, the federal government has eminent domain and can simply take land for federal use. Just like with the railroads and power grid.

      Of course building datacenters is absolutely not what eminent domain is for, but rules don't apply anymore, so they'll probably do it anyway until the supreme court stops them.

  • NishanStepak14 minutes ago
    Many data centers will move north into the Nordic countries where the climate is colder and there is a lot of hydroelectric and wind power. Canada and the Nordic countries will end up building a lot of data centers in remote areas where they are less visible.

    At the same time, the more the US government acts to support data centers, the greater the reaction will be against them. It is the classic situation where the more the government does, the less people will like it.

  • oefrha43 minutes ago
    What I don’t understand is that the vast majority of LLM workloads are pretty damn latency-insensitive. Why can’t they build these data centers where there’s little to no opposition? Sure someone will need to maintain the data centers, but with trillions in investment lined up, surely they can just pay people enough so they’re okay with living in the middle of nowhere.

    Edit: When I say the middle of nowhere I mean say an hour’s drive from civilization, not the Arctic Circle.

    • plasticchris36 minutes ago
      Because they need the local infrastructure to support them, which would be difficult and expensive to reproduce out in the middle of nowhere.
    • jhanschoo38 minutes ago
      They can, surely, but I presume that in some cases there's a lack of preexisting regulation on land use and on others politicians are not properly representing the interests of their constituency.
    • Phemist37 minutes ago
      It seems that e.g. OpenAI is mostly power constrained. To go to the middle of nowhere would mean also basically no power grid to speak off?
    • armada65136 minutes ago
      It's difficult getting a grid connection and fiber optic uplinks in the middle of nowhere.
      • trollbridge13 minutes ago
        Plenty of power in northern Quebec.
    • uniq738 minutes ago
      Datacenters need a source of water, and human populations are usually concentrated in those places too for the same reason.
      • trollbridge12 minutes ago
        Plenty of ice cold water in northern Quebec.
  • m4rtink16 minutes ago
    That is totally going to work, doubling down on something unpopular by un unpopular government has never caused exponentially bigger blowback.
  • globemaster9929 minutes ago
    So much democracy and freedom.
  • ModernMechan hour ago
    It’s funny as Greg Abbott says the data center industry did this to themselves and people’s complaints are justified; the feds say it’s “paid protestors”, the same way they say any protests are inorganic paid leftist agitators. Meanwhile “real” American patriots know data centers make America great, and can’t wait to have one built down the road.
  • feverzsjan hour ago
    It doesn't matter, as long as officials are still elected by locals.
    • Avicebron44 minutes ago
      Right? These people approvinf these projects are still living in the communities they are damaging
      • consensus120 minutes ago
        And this doesn't make you question the narrative that they are really damaging anything?
  • flanked-everglan hour ago
    This degrowth anti-technology mindset just does not make sense to me, and I think it's mostly astroturfed from TikTok.
    • digitaltrees7 minutes ago
      It’s not degrowth. It’s anti monopoly, anti wealth concentration. Anti tax avoidance. Anti price on water and electricity. Anti raising the ambient temperature of a community.

      Let’s put the data center in Palo alto or Atherton.

    • trollbridge9 minutes ago
      It’s not “de growth”. I want sustainable growth, which to me means:

      - no NDAs signed with elected officials who then stonewall the public and hide behind them - paying the same prices for water and electricity that I pay - paying the same property taxes and income taxes that I pay - building in a fashion that doesn’t leave area residents stuck with bigger electric bills and water bills

      All of these things can be done.

      I have a tiny data centre. I get no sweetheart deals on the above tho bf s.

    • goda90an hour ago
      What part confuses you? The threat to stable and affordable electricity and water supply? The water, light and noise pollution? The threat to jobs? The threat to truth and transparency? The threat to privacy?
      • flanked-evergl31 minutes ago
        > The threat to stable and affordable electricity and water supply

        The only threat to stable and affordable electricity supply is government regulations. The idea that we will from here on just have degrown and decline is insane. I'm not up for that. Which means we will always need more electricity, so time to get building more power plants. There is no bounds to how much electricity humans need, and the more we have the more prosperity we will have

        As for water supply. Data centers barely make a blip on the water usage.

        > The water, light and noise pollution?

        The only one of these which actually has any validity is noise pollution, and the US has one of the lowest population densities of any country in the world, and data centres don't need to be close to population centres.

        > The threat to jobs?

        CEOs saying they are laying people off because of AI is not the same as anyone losing their job because of AI, but even if that was the case, it's about as smart as not using an electric drill to save jobs.

        > The threat to truth and transparency?

        AI does not only not threaten truth and transparency, it makes it easier to find the truth and to circumvent transperency restrictions.

        > The threat to privacy?

        It's not.

        • vrganj28 minutes ago
          > The only threat to stable and affordable electricity supply is government regulations

          That is straight up not true. Theres currently a threat due to the imprudently started war in the Middle East, there will be more once rivers start drying up and hydropower becomes unreliable or nuclear power plants can no longer be cooled.

          > Which means we will always need more electricity, so time to get building more power plants. There is no bounds to how much electricity humans need, and the more we have the more prosperity we will have

          This is an ideological dogma smuggled in as a self-evident truth. Please do make a point, not just an unsupported declaration.

          • flanked-evergl25 minutes ago
            > That is straight up not true. Theres currently a threat due to the imprudently started war in the Middle East

            The US does not use crude oil from the Gulf to generate electricity. The US could scale electricity production at least 100 times without needing to import anything from the Middle East.

            > there will be more once rivers start drying up

            Rivers will not be drying up because of data centers.

            • vrganj21 minutes ago
              > The US does not use crude oil from the Gulf to generate electricity.

              And yet, reserves are at historic lows. Markets are weird, huh?

              > Rivers will not be drying up because of data centers.

              That wasn't the claim made, rivers will be drying up because of climate change (they are already!), which is a threat to energy supply. Data centers will accelerate said climate change, but that's not even relevant to disprove your previous assertion of regulation being the only factor.

              I'll also note you still haven't justified your core ideological assertion you tried smuggling in earlier in any way.

    • ozlikethewizard39 minutes ago
      I'm sure the luddites got all their ideas from TikTok aye?

      At least were not at this point yet:

      "Mill and factory owners took to shooting protesters and eventually the Luddites were suppressed by legal and military force, which included execution and penal transportation of accused and convicted Luddites."

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luddites

      • flanked-evergl29 minutes ago
        "The luddites were right" seems like an odd position to have on HN.
        • Starman_Jones12 minutes ago
          Why? The hacker ethos is all about understanding systems as they actually are; not as the people at the top want them to be. With the benefit of hindsight, it’s pretty clear that the Luddites were right; the industrialization of weaving did destroy their profession, and, contrary to the opinions of the political leaders, this had a direct, negative impact on society for many decades. The curious-minded hacker should not ignore that reality, even if they think the circumstances are different this time.
        • unrented797722 minutes ago
          The vast majority of people who think the Luddites were wrong have no idea what they actually stood for
        • digitaltrees4 minutes ago
          HN isn’t a monoculture. And the Luddites weren’t against tech. They were against the avoidable harm by thoughtless adoption of automated looms. Their argument was distorted and smeared much like is happening here.

          Hackers used to be counter culture and want to push power down to individuals. If anything this techno fascist push to merge big tech with government while steamrolling humans is not hacker culture.

          We should home brew data centers for open weight models and open labelled datasets.

        • blitzar12 minutes ago
          "The tech bros were right" doesnt exactly have a great track record.
      • alex4357826 minutes ago
        People have often resisted progress of all sorts, particularly if they feel it threatens their position or erodes their sense of superiority.
    • meltyness32 minutes ago
      are you confident the demand for massive ai datacenters peppered everywhere isn't just some financial gambit? wouldn't you ask for consequences and side-effects that are socially desirable, even if the facility brings no wealth to the immediate area (either as a consequence of being owned by a remote corp, or by the investment failing completely).
      • flanked-evergl27 minutes ago
        > are you confident the demand for massive ai datacenters peppered everywhere isn't just some financial gambit?

        yes.

    • vrganj34 minutes ago
      Why would people possibly not want something that uses up water in times of constant draught, uses up energy in an energy crisis and pollutes the air and contributes to climate change in times of climate catastrophe, all so a few already way-too-rich dudes can become even richer?

      It just doesn't make sense! Surely they were manipulated to hate progress!

    • chasd0033 minutes ago
      You’re going to get modded down but you’re right. Go look at these sites in Google Maps compared to datacenter sites that already exist and have existed for a decade.