How long does a ship have to sit still before organisms attach to it?
How does this anti-attach coating get applied and can it be reapplied?
Can the ships be cleaned after sitting and accumulating sea life?
It mentioned COVID having caused ships to sit still, how much damage has already been done because of that?
Something that can survive high salinity and warm water is claimed to be able to survive anywhere, but is that really true? Couldn't cold water kill something that's adapted to warm water?
Etc., etc.
It's way past my bedtime, so I will have to read it in the morning, but it already seems to address several of your questions.
Maybe try just appreciating those basic facts rather than trying to overwhelm them with very hard to answer questions.
Does the basic idea in this article attack your world view?
It just strikes me that this line of questioning blasting is often used to create uncertainty. My hostility to that came out here, when it was unfounded.
1/2 of all shipping, is shipping oil 8-/
Spreading invasive species is just one more way that oil is destroying our natural environment.