I normally only find such articles on Hacker News. If it just sort of smells like AI slop but I can't quite pinpoint the source of the smell, I stop reading and move on. If it's very clearly written by AI (as many are), I flag the article and move on.

Without any kind of training in psychology, I'm pretty sure occasionally and unintentionally consuming AI slop isn't going to damage brains. However, I definitely believe that forming a dependence on AI could harm cognitive ability, though probably not permanently.