All that an inclusion of these new companies would accomplish is a bailout of their stockholders by pension funds and ETFs where millions of regular people shoulder all the downside risk.
SpaceX and OAI stock will be available through Robinhood, Questrade and all the other retail investor markets. Individuals can make an informed choice to trade it there, rather than have it automatically added to their index fund without having any say.
Carvana is the poster child for this. It's astonishing that a company with a history of shady practices, and that has yet to offer a convincing explanation for why it is not a scam, is part of the S&P 500.
The purpose of an index is to provide a benchmark of the market, not to build funds that follow the index.
If a significant percentage of the market is excluded from the index because they don't meet index inclusion criteria, then then index stops being a useful benchmark.
So what's the reason for fast entry specifically? If it's a significant portion of the market and will remain so, it doesn't need an accelerated entry. A benchmark should be conservative about new entrants so that it doesn't turn from a market benchmark to a trend/fad benchmark.
If time validates the valuations the entry will come in time, just like for previous entries.
Fast tracking means that the market likely wont have enough time to find the settled price (especially with the knowledge that passive funds are about to buy), and including a mispriced thing does not necessarily make the benchmark more accurate.
And if you need a second, different index to function as the true market benchmark because the S&P 500 no longer reflects the actual market, then you just agreed the S&P 500 is no longer an adequate benchmark. You just agreed with my point.
These companies want special exceptions. If you are an exception why should you be included in a benchmark? At best they should have an asterisk against their name like Sammy Sosa or Mark McGuire if they are not following the same rules.
The profitability requirement is something made up by the S&P committee. If that rule ends up excluding trillions in market cap, the rule has defeated its own purpose. The 12 months of profitability requirement punishes high-growth companies that invest their FCF into growing the business vs taking profits.
It excludes companies like Amazon, which when ran by Bezos, was famously unprofitable and invested all free cash flow into growing the business and never turned a significant profit until >20 years after its founding.
> The profitability requirement is something made up by the S&P committee.
Those are both equally made up. In this case the rules are being changed for new entrants into the market such as SpaceX for the Nasdaq and other benchmarks that are allowing it for that none of the previous companies in said index were allowed to get in under.
And since it’s 15 days and I know most companies have lockout terms on the order of months for various levels of stock, I’m hesitant to believe this won’t modify the benchmarks beyond what has happened with previous inclusions.
`JumpCrisscross’s reply to one of my other comments on this thread in regards to the S&P being a committee based decision actually has had me pause to think, but your argument that the rules are arbitrary so it can’t be cheating like my baseball analogy fails to land.
It depends. Indices aren’t funds. They aren’t meant to balance investor interests. They’re meant to communicate some metric about the market.
The S&P tells you how big companies are doing in an index optimized to balance representation against trading cost. So in 2005, float was taken into account for weighting (versus just market cap). This made sense. Also, since the start, the S&P 500 has been a committee-based index. Not rule based. This has made it successful; if you want stable and unchanging, you never went for the S&P 500.
It seems entirely reasonable to say: "if we make a certain decision, we correlate both our reputation and a nontrivial portion of the U.S. economy with the whims of one of the most volatile personalities in industry, and we should likely pay attention to this trial balloon that shows such anticipatory fear of the decision that we might lose our reputation as an index altogether."
As a business, sure. As a committee, it’s still a deeply technical process. I can say with a lot of confidence that optics weren’t considered in any of this, possibly to a fault.
> and a nontrivial portion of the U.S. economy
This vastly overstates the amount of assets tied to the S&P 500. It’s a lot. But it’s a strong minority of equity exposures.
How can you possibly know that? Do the people on that committee have a cast-iron tenure guarantee?
I know folks who have been on these. They don’t have tenure. But they’re basically emeritus. If S&P wanted to do something that would cause chaos, it would be fucking with those folks because they made a decision that looks bad.
Who would want to invest in a benchmark fund with arcane(the literal term as opposed to mundane) rules that were privately decided? If your statement is accurate it sounds like moving out of such a fund would be prudent. I feel like it’s not accurate since they are sticking to their guns and not changing the rules to benefit oligarchs like Musk such as Nasdaq is doing.
There are lots of rules-based funds. S&P is transparently committee based. It’s why dual-class new entrants are banned, but Google and Berkshire are grandfathered in.
There is a genuine debate on rules versus committees in the index world. But S&P has stuck to its guns as a bastion of the latter. And it works. Everyone picking the S&P 500 over its competitors chooses that.
Is that why people spend time, money and effort creating and maintaining them? They're just broadcasters? That seems dubious.
Yes. There are more indices than there are stocks. Publishing an index is, business wise, a game of getting funds to license them.
The rules around index inclusion exist for a reason. Too much control in one person's hands (which SpaceX has), too small a float (so you don't get price discovery), lack of a history of financial performance and minimal trading days just don't give investors confidence and, like it or not, investment decisions are made based on the index. If you want to argue against passive investment, well, good luck with that.
I think a lot of people have this weird idea that what we need is some theoretically unfettered market for "true" price discovery when it's actually regulations like this that create markets. It's like a libertarian brain worm.
I don't think anybody wants these mega-companies out of the index, specifically. They just don't see why rules that exist for a reason should be suspended when the net effect of that is that investors have less information and there is a lot of forced purchasing. If you have confidence in your IPO, let the market decide what it's worth without trying to fix the price because what they seem to want is for insider lock-ups to end about the time we'd otherwise be getting normal price discovery. Kinda weird.
Investor confidence needfs to be managed by creating a stable, regulated market.
This is a common misconception. The S&P 500 weights allocation by float-adjusted market cap, not by total market cap. In the case of SpaceX, they are planning to float ~4% of shares at IPO. Even if SpaceX was added to the index, its index weight would be based on that tiny float, and at a $1.75T valuation it would be treated as roughly a $70 billion company.
SpaceX weight would be ~0.125% of the index, not ~2.5% as you imply.
Before the changes, the Nasdaq-100 index was total market cap-weighted not float-weighted. Once a company crossed 10% floated shares, the company was added to the index at full weight.
Nasdaq's new system is a hybrid of float-weighted and cap-weighted. If a company has below 33.3% float, its weighting is 3x float. Above that, it's cap weighted. This allows a gradual fade-in of the company into the index.
It's a better system than the previous one, and in Nasdaq's own words, more conservative.
For the Nasdaq-100, SpaceX at 4% float gets 3 x 4% = 12% of its market cap counted, which is $210B not $1.75T. Still <1% of the index.
Also, the multiplier is 3x, not 5x. Nasdaq proposed 5x, but after feedback, this was reduced to 3x. The new thresholds are 3x and 33%, not 5x and 20%.
https://www.nasdaq.com/newsroom/nasdaq100-index-methodology-...
Critically it’s not simply averaging a bunch of made up numbers. I may think gold is worth 1,000$/kg but if nobody is willing to sell me gold at that price then my “made up” number has zero effect on the market price.
https://bsky.app/profile/patigallardo.bsky.social/post/3mnhc...
Their S1 cites (by memory) a 370B addressable market for space stuff and a 27 trillion for AI.
And for AI they counted all Twitter accounts as grok users.
The Spaces eXploration company was a cool company, but it's not what's being sold to the market now.
So by that metric the very loud people succeeded: these new IPOs will enter the index under the established rules and time-frames.
The longer major indexes exclude these companies, the further the index strays from representing the market, and the worse they do their core job of tracking it.
It's not the index's fault that market is pushing out overpriced and unprofitable companies.
As it stands, it's clear that the users of S&P500 are not interested in the performance of the parts of the market made up of overpriced (and potentially highly volatile) IPOs.
The S&P 500 is used as the benchmark of the market by practically everyone. Journalists, policymakers, investment managers, politicians, regular investors, everyone I know. If the benchmark that everyone uses as a market proxy is systematically excluding a substantial part of the market, then the gap betweeen "the index" and "the market" has real consequences.
You can't have it both ways: Either the S&P 500 is a market proxy, in which excluding parts of the market is a problem; or it's a curated slice, in which everyone needs to stop it as the default benchmarket for the market.
It's more than that. None of SpaceX, OpenAI, nor Anthropic will meet the criteria, and they will make up a significant part of the US stock market. Each of these companies is heavily investing their cashflow into growing the company and are unlikely to be profitable many years.
The inclusion criteria prioritizes companies that extract their cashflow into profit, and excludes companies that invest their cashflow into growing the company. For example, when Jeff Bezos ran Amazon he described his company as "famously unprofitable, And that is a conscious strategy and an investment decision." Amazon only joined the index in 2005, nearly 8 years after IPO, even though it was a significant member of the stock market at the time.
Go do a google search
The rules for index inclusion absolutely make sense in many ways.
Before the flood of money from the index funds arrive, I'd love to see what's the right valuation for them.
Nasdaq changed its rules recently so SpaceX can join the Nasdaq 100 Index, a cohort of the largest non-financial companies listed on its exchange, in just 15 trading days, down from a three-month minimum. FTSE Russell adopted a similar approach, shortening the waiting time to five trading days.
Now that they have to wait a year for that point, that cash burn is going to work against them fairly heavily. There is also something like $20 billion of debt they have to pay back in the next 12 months that might not be covered over so easily now.
That said, SpaceX and a lot of Elons companies have had figures that look terrible for ages, and yet they keep manage to pull rabbits out of the hat. So who knows. Maybe they sell a bunch of assets, they have more than enough to cover the gap.
Depends what you mean by successful. If you mean "the IPO goes ahead" then I don't think this makes a difference (unless Elon cracks the shits at this decision and pulls out, which I'm not sure is an option).
If "successful" equates to number-go-up, then my understanding is that Fast Index Entry would have resulted in, effectively, forced purchase of shares by various funds.
When Fast Index Entry (FIE) was a chance of being introduced, the odds of number go up were higher. Now that FIE has been ruled out, there's a lower chance of number go up because there's no "forced blind purchase" group.
As I understand it, VTI will be a major thing.
Still, they're float adjusted (for the most part?).
Long listen but a very thorough and nuanced discussion by a bunch of smart investment / finance guys in Canada. No click-bait-sky-is-falling content.
Search for "positive ad hominem".
> a very thorough and nuanced discussion
> bunch of smart investment / finance guys
> No click-bait-sky-is-falling content.
The middle one is the ad-hominem puffery. The rest isn't quite exactly 100% 'of the person's, but still doesn't give me any actual leads into what the content is: its just empty puffery.
This lets you read the whole article: https://finance.yahoo.com/markets/stocks/articles/spacex-oth...
* https://press.spglobal.com/2026-06-04-S-P-Dow-Jones-Indices-...
https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/new-fast-tracks-account-olde...
They changed their minimum float rule for these mega IPOs with low float.
Nasdaq clearly did it for the big bucks and getting the listing, why did Russell bend the knee?
so they get a little bit of a pass for me, but Nasdaq doesn't
The insiders know it, which is precisely why those IPOs are happening right now. Employees and VCs don't want to be holding the bag. small-time investors will be.
Also, SpaceX is going to unlock more and more on their float at around the same time most indexes will have to buy it. It has been engineered to socialize the losses.
I'm happy SP didn't agree to fast track any of those, unlike VTI and Nasdaq100. I spent the weekend to rebalance all my retirement accounts to make sure none of them are going to fast track those grifty IPOs. Unfortunately, I cannot do that for my taxable accounts as it would generate a tax-event.
That relies on Trump in power.
I'm personally convinced that this is Musk trying to get out of debt from his Twitter purchase.
Think of it like security backed bonds, if you bundle a lot of dud businesses into a single business that is doing ok then as an aggregate it looks fine. So bundling Twitter and xAi into SpaceX covers up that. This is why I suspect they will eventually merge Tesla into SpaceX as it is on the decline now.
The problem is that with the current cash on hand and large loans coming due, they only have a 6 month runway. Thus the IPO to get other peoples money to hopefully fund themselves until solvent.
All IPO's are essentially that, people invest in your business, the business uses their money to achieve more, and if it all works out then future profits can eventually be paid back to investors.
But the reason is because SpaceX is trying to tool up for orbital datacenters. They're building a bunch of solar cell manufacturing plants and Starship launch pads.
Public decisionmakers do this sort of thing all the time. They "float an idea", "test the waters", "put up a trial balloon". They see what they can get away with. When the decisionmaker has a strong desire for the change, it may only get rolled back if powerful and widespread public dissent makes itself known, as it did in this case. When they don't really care about the issue, they might cancel it at the first sign that anyone has an issue. We can't know their degree of insistence just based on outcomes in these cases.
It was totally misinformed, came well after the public-comment period had ended and had zero net effect other than maybe generating some commissions and management fees for rando managers.
There is bona fide hatred for these companies and their managers. Influencers twisted the facts to channel that for views.
If you’re buying into a tech-marketed fund like the NASDAQ 100 and it doesn’t include a large chunk of the tech market, you’re no longer passively investing in tech. You’re investing in an actively-managed fund.
Historically, companies like SpaceX would have gone public earlier and grown into the index. Recognizing that has changed with multiple $1+ trillion IPO contenders makes sense; as it turns out, I think both NASDAQ and S&P decided correctly.
It seems crazy to me to make a comparison between a company being valued on it's current profit and then to say it's reasonable for another company to have the same market cap because it could eventually have the same profit.
The valuation is insane and the very low float plus short timeframe for actual price discovery just seems built to extract money from index investors.
They can follow the same rules as everyone else.
The wildcard there is AI, and that seems especially dangerous to project long-term revenue from their current performance: xAI is barely in the market except renting capacity to Anthropic, so you’re gambling that they’ll continue to pay $1¼B/month for what is largely a commodity offering. Even if you’re bullish on Anthropic, that doesn’t mean xAI gets part of their profits, and given the way they blindsided the local authorities there’s a substantially greater than zero chance that they’ll get a major setback if the neighbors win their lawsuits. That doesn’t mean they’re doomed, but anyone estimating their future performance has to factor in some real risks.
Nitpick: It’s still a passive fund, just that the index constituents are decided actively by a committee rather than by a simple criterion. As you no doubt already know, S&P500 isn’t just taking U.S. companies publicly traded on an exchange, sorting them by market cap, and then truncating the list to the first 500.
Could woulda shoulda. Mate they didn’t. Moreover if they had, the existing investors would’ve got a shittier exit.
The existing investors don't have liquidity. I can't buy a house or pay my bills with shares I'm not allowed to sell. A better exit later is worthless if I starve to death before the exit.
Did mom and pop invest..? No they did not. The investors who did knew the long time horizon they were committing to.
They could’ve gone public earlier - they chose not to and venture capitalists were happy to keep supplying the funding.
Also lol @ using that act to explain why people take longer to ipo. Lest we forget how deep venture capital has become. Hahahha
The preexisting ruleset was used by investors to gauge their portfolio balance.
Now investors have to revaluate their portfolio based on the new ruleset as their fundamental risks have changed.
I see others are listening to the Money Stuff podcast ;)
That the rule change was a done deal. The pitch was some shadowy financial cabal forcing everyone’s retirement savings into SpaceX (which would not have been true even if S&P voted to include, but that’s a separate topic).
The top comment and most of its subthreads are run-of-the-mill alarmism.
Worth considering:
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_paradox
And the rules for the NASDAQ 100 were changed, as were MSCI and CRSP:
* https://www.schwab.com/learn/story/some-indexes-accelerate-e...
The doomsaying was around most retirement assets. Which don’t follow any single index. But to the extent they do, follow the S&P 500.
The market wasn’t pricing in any rebalancing. Commenters were screaming bloody murder about it. In the middle, I’m sure some numpties generated trading and management fees by switching target funds.
This is not misinformation. Misinformation is saying the proposed rule change and their proximity to trillion dollar IPOs introduced no risk. Please do not spread such misinformation.
Two other indices changed their rules to allow these companies specifically. Pensions and retirement funds rely on these indices to have continual, stable growth. Often the people whose money is being invested don't even have control over its allocation into these funds.
Coupled with the precarious state of the economy due to all the money already flowing through AI, changing the rules to throw retirement fund money into brand new extremely highly valued stocks with P/E ratios in the hundreds seems like a recipe for disaster. It reminds me of subprime mortgages.
One of which is the NASDAQ 100, marketed for decades as a tech-focused index.
> Pensions and retirement funds rely on these indices to have continual, stable growth
Pensions build their own benchmarks. About 10 to 20% of retirement assets follow these indices directly for a variety of purposes. The S&P 500 aims for continuous large-cap growth, but that isn’t true for most indices, which seek to replicate something random.
> changing the rules to throw retirement fund money into brand new extremely highly valued stocks with P/E ratios in the hundreds seems like a recipe for disaster
The NASDAQ 100 has seen practically no net outflows due to this decision. And most retirement assets don’t blindly follow any index, let alone any single one. I opposed the rule changes at S&P. But the catastrophising was made for clicks and views. Not to inform anyone.
Like, anyone who actually acted on that brouhaha changed out of an index that isn’t going include SpaceX, incurring transaction fees and potentially tax hits (for non-retirement accounts) in the process, and probably cycling into a higher-fee fund.
So why change? You're not building a case for why this change is needed. Is there even another Nasdaq 100 company like SpaceX? Probably not because it would be an obvious point of discussion. So now we need to add a new 'thing' to our definition of tech, then change our funds to adopt our new definition. To what end, with this haste?
> The NASDAQ 100 has seen practically no net outflows
Is it a fund or just an index? If an index, what are you monitoring when you cite 'no outflows'?
So you are happy with this outcome, but also so upset at the people that evangelized your preferred policy position that you think HN readers should cut them from the information diet?
Seems most likely that the public outcry actually influenced this outcome, so I don't see why the nuances of alarmism about it (imminent decision vs fait accomplit) should nix an entire information source.
> That the rule change was a done deal.
What are you talking about? The rule has already been changed in the NASDAQ. That makes it a done deal.
Anything changed can always be undone, but to be clear it has already happened. That makes it a done deal.
HN has been speculating on how wealth would be extracted from 401k and IRAs at least since the November elections in 2024.
Far before any influencers even thought this would be a thing.
I thought forced cryptocurrency funds, but it turned out to be something else.
Sure. Nobody was properly making this distinction in social media, including on HN. Particularly with respect to the differences in scale and purpose between the NASDAQ 100 and S&P 500.
I could kind of agree with the argument that "well these companies stay private longer so they are more mature" but the float exemption with the seemingly arbitrary calculation to figure out weights completely belies that argument.
My prediction is that this will overall end up costing index holders money though. They will ultimately get a worse entry price for SpaceX and the other mega IPOs. Only time will tell.
The reality is something like 96% of public companies underperform treasuries.
ref: https://paretoinvestor.substack.com/p/why-96-of-stocks-are-d...
The misinformation was almost certainly not taken into account, and it shouldn’t have been.
> everyone would be saying I told you so and screaming
Influencers will scream regardless. It’s what they’re paid to do. The NASDAQ 100 made these changes and is doing just fine.
> will overall end up costing index holders money though. They will ultimately get a worse entry price for SpaceX and the other mega IPOs
There are lots of indices. S&P largely targets those built around mature companies. If you want a total-market index, those exist and tend to rapidly incorporate IPOs.
You can just wait for the price to drop post ipo as it usually does if you actually want to invest.