Can anyone comment on the seemingly impossible transition from quantum computers on the order of ~150 qubits available today to systems with the 500,000 physical qubits required to break classical encryption?

Seems like quite the handwave, especially with a target as close as 2030.

If Bitcoin encryption is breakable so soon, then what about RSA? That would be a bigger deal than a bitcoin.

Who wants to offer me this bet?

This will be forever 5 years away, like commercial fusion