To be clear I believe there is no particular tech competency gap here, UK and EU have had digotal clearing house and settlement systems for decades. The risk is that Visa and Mastercard have jurisdictional obligations which without a complete company restructure and investment program they cannot shed. We're captive to the whims of US trade and other strategic international disputes.

So what's required is the business structure, the governance and a staff hire which avoids risk of exposure to US FTC and courts, in as much as anyone can given extraterritorial reach.

Australia had BPAY, we ditched it for Visa/Mastercard aligned debit and credit systems. As far as I know all of stripe and the like are US companies too. Europe has national systems like the Dutch iDEAL which when I used it in 2015 demanded a hardware 2fa device. And card payments for transport and shops without a Dutch banking backer was logistically harder. I'm sure there are others in Europe, each fiercely defending a national border and none until now willing to federate.

The UPU backed giro for a while. I liked giro, and I like national post offices but they all get privatised.

PKI experts tell a funny story about bootstrapping the trust anchor for the cards, and then destroying the HSM physically so no more top level root signings exist. Some execs tried to keep their fragment of destroyed crypto and like terminator, the security wonks told them the risk of chip recovery was too high so no lucite desk ornaments allowed.