That's a lot of words for a pretty basic explanation of how to exploit kernel that has a very specific kind of bug: "option length" parser error in TCP frames that leads to user-controlled stack overwrite.

Which kernel is it is unclear. There are zero details in the paper, not even which OS is this (Linux? Windows? Some BSD?). There are no mentions of ASLR, stack protectors or any other security mechanisms either.

In fact, there is nothing novel in the paper at all. I suspect author spent too much time with AI.