277 pointsby akyuu19 days ago28 comments
  • rr284119 days ago
    What we know so far:

    1. The last 3 cars from the Iryo train (Frecciarossa 1000) derailed for unknown reasons. It's a straight line, so this is extremely rare.

    2. The Renfe train (Alvia) didn't have time to break and hit the derailed trains from Iryo, the two first cars derail as a consequence of the impact.

    3. The Iryo train(Frecciarossa 1000), that caused the accident, was manufactured in 2022 and it passed a technical inspection just 4 days ago.

    4. The renovation of this specific part of the infrastructure finished on May 2025, so it's practically new.

    Spanish high speed trains are one of the best in the world and it had plenty investment from governments of different sign over the years. This has nothing to do with the regional network (Cercanias) and the local struggles in certain regions.

    IMHO, this is a horribly timed accidental technical issue.

    https://english.elpais.com/spain/2026-01-19/at-least-39-dead...

    https://archive.ph/Ase0v

    • t0mas8819 days ago
      > 3. The Iryo train(Frecciarossa 1000), that caused the accident, was manufactured in 2022 and it passed a technical inspection just 4 days ago.

      The inspection is a risk factor. There is data from the aviation industry for example that engine incidents on an engine that is certified for some thousands of hours of operation between inspection happen disproportionally in the first 100 hours (and then again at the end of the inspection interval). The inspection itself is an intervention that causes incidents.

      • TaupeRanger19 days ago
        Iatrogenesis is everywhere! Medicine, engineering, economics, politics, etc.
        • impish920819 days ago
          I didn’t know this concept had a name, so thanks for that. Now I have a fancy sounding term to tell my manager why I won’t touch that ugly EnterpriseJavaBeans codebase and that we need to rewrite it from scratch.
          • moralestapia17 days ago
            That's not what Iatrogenesis means, though ...

            Unless you plan to give medicine to your code.

            • TaupeRanger17 days ago
              “That’s not what Bug means though, unless you plan to put literal insects inside your computer”
              • moralestapia17 days ago
                Iatro- means medicine ...

                Check a dictionary or something.

                • TaupeRanger16 days ago
                  “Bug” is derived from “bugge”, which means “scarecrow or goblin”. Check a dictionary or something.
                  • moralestapia16 days ago
                    I never said your analogy was valid, but the opposite.

                    Read carefully.

                    • TaupeRanger16 days ago
                      The analogy is valid. Words originally used for one purpose can be used to describe analogous situations outside of the original definition. Read...anything.
      • IAmBroom18 days ago
        Train inspections are far less intrusive. Wheel wear can be measured with calipers while standing beside the train. Software tests are physically null, except for alarms sounding. Brakeline tests can be verified without adding gauges; in many cases the braking mechanisms are externally observable.

        Plane controls systems all live behind thin, deformable metal or plastic covers.

        Trains aren't perfect, obv, but most train accidents reduce to "A human on the tracks fucked up". Drivers trying to maintain schedules by speeding, or vehicles or humans standing on rails where they had no business being (dodging crossing guards, suicide, etc).

      • master_crab18 days ago
        Came here to say. I don’t know enough about their inspection guidelines and how intrusive it is on the train’s systems, but anytime you do something outside the norm (including inspections) you introduce a variable that may have played a part.
    • elnatro19 days ago
      You left out that the machinists warned about the bad state of the railway tracks and asked for reducing the train speed[1].

      There is underfunding in all the railway network.

      [1]: https://www.eldebate.com/economia/20250809/maquinistas-piden...

      • rr284119 days ago
        The machinist union requested the maximum speed to be lowered from 300 km/h to 250 km/h on multiple areas, the one where the accident happened being one of them. Both trains were driving under 210 km/h when the accident happened, so I don't think the "rattling" they reported was the issue.

        As I mentioned before, this area was renovated last year, so attributing the accident to under-funding is highly unlikely. If the infrastructure happened to be the issue at the end, it might be because of different causes: eg. Planning the wrong materials for the amount of traffic / weather conditions / etc.

        In general, when you talk about under-funding in the rail network it's often regional or small areas within the inter-city (larga distancia) and transport networks. High speed infrastructure is very well financed, it's not cheap to move trains close to 300 km/h.

      • whizzter19 days ago
        Doesn't need to be underfunding, may 2025 was last summer and this was the first winter, defects in laying the tracks didn't have a chance to show up until now.

        The biggest part then might be that they should have listened to the operators warnings and scheduled a proper re-inspection of the route once they started warning of issues.

        • 171862744019 days ago
          > defects in laying the tracks didn't have a chance to show up until now.

          Defects in laying the tracks have a chance to show up on an inspection, either the final one when building or one done at the regular intervals. If it doesn't shows up, your inspection is bad. If you can't inspect what you build, you can't build it.

          • n3storm19 days ago
            all in-laws experts in recession or vulcanology or bitcoin has turned to civil engineering experts.
            • whizzter18 days ago
              Not going to be claiming to be an expert, but buckling is a well documented phenomenon and I'd be surprised if there wasn't possible issues due to contraction on the other end of the spectrum when it gets colder, the track was laid this last spring/summer so it's probably not been as cold for long before on the tracks.

              Also modern high speed rails are built with continious welding without thermal expansion joints.

              https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqmOSMAtadc goes through track building and the effects and literally mentions at about 12:30 that they do need to do inspections when it gets cold if the track cracks (there was a photo linked in another post about a cracked track).

              Is it the cause? No idea but doesn't feel far fetched.

              Edit: Seems official investigators are now even pointing to that as an initial theory, https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/investigators-find-brok...

      • anthk18 days ago
        They fixed it long before this. That newspaper it's pretty much a right wing fake news source.
      • axxto19 days ago
        You seem very well informed, so I'm sure you've read that every single railway engineer and independent expert is saying that this seems like a freak accident and that the causes are totally unknown.

        Knowing this, you're still all over the thread trying to score political points while there are dead people still on the tracks. One quick glance on your posting history is all one needs to see that you're happy to take any chance to do so, apparently including the death of at least 39 people. You disgust me. Y te creerás un "español de los buenos". Felicidades, patriota.

      • logicallee19 days ago
        >You left out that the machinists warned about the bad state of the railway tracks and asked for reducing the train speed

        Since two trains collided, wouldn't that have happened regardless of the state of the railway tracks?

        • whizzter19 days ago
          The collision was due to one train derailing first, if that was due to the track (as mentioned in andy12_'s toplevel comment) then listening to warnings could perhaps have avoided the accident.
          • zdragnar19 days ago
            Could have, though both trains were going slower than what the mechanic union asked for. Either or wasn't a factor, or the conditions were even worse than all parties believed.
            • whizzter18 days ago
              Some have mentioned that the tracks were installed during may 2025, it's also the first winter so track issues and then thermal contraction could've cause too much strain.
              • zdragnar18 days ago
                Most recent reports indicate a broken weld on the track, so definitely possible damage from frost heave (is that a thing in the area it derailed?) or poor construction practices.
        • Rygian19 days ago
          One possible scenario is that the tracks fail in a way that causes one of the trains to derail and hit the other one.
    • dust4219 days ago
      There are reports from passengers that the train rattled before the accident. So my guess is a broken wheel rim and subsequently the train derailed at the track switch then also damaging the opposite track. Accident location: https://maps.app.goo.gl/Cek9DgChguXJxVpd6 The italian is about 400m north at the technical building with the two antennas.
    • cft18 days ago
      latest: https://www-elmundo-es.translate.goog/economia/2026/01/19/69...

      looks like it's a rail welding failure.

    • verytrivial19 days ago
      Assuming no foul play, it's going to be a Points Failure, isn't it? Like Potters Bar (2002) where most of the train makes it through, but rattles/breaks some weak point that was just holding on, and the last carriages change tracks. But at 250mph. Shocking stuff.
    • rayiner18 days ago
      This is tragic, but I hope it doesn't put a damper on Spanish high-speed train development. They've really done a remarkable job building out their network in a cost-effective manner.
    • Rygian19 days ago
      In point number 3, you state that one of the trains caused the accident, whereas the cause of the accident is not yet known and could be for example an issue in the rails themselves.
      • rr284119 days ago
        Yes, that was not accurate and you're correct, it's still not clear what caused the first train to derail to begin with.

        The way I looked at it is that the first train derailing wasn't a big issue, I don't think it caused any injuries. What was really catastrophic was the impact with the second train.

    • didntknowyou19 days ago
      also the derailed carriages crashed rolled down a hill which complicated things further
    • bflesch19 days ago
      [flagged]
      • benterix19 days ago
        I don't think Russians are directly behind this. They targeted trains in Poland twice, but I suspect the next targets would be in Germany, France and the UK, and not Spain which is relatively conservative in supporting Ukraine.
        • bflesch19 days ago
          [flagged]
          • aa-jv19 days ago
            Literally nothing you have said is backed up by any evidence. Provide evidence, please, or retract your nonsense claims.
            • bflesch19 days ago
              [flagged]
              • aa-jv19 days ago
                Opinion is not fact. Provide some facts to support your atrocious claims. You have provided only an opinion based on specious references to groupthink.
                • bflesch19 days ago
                  [flagged]
                  • anthk18 days ago
                    Spaniard here. Nope; we are full of "take the money and run" type CEO's, where they even blamed the train driver. He might be partially accountable, but it wasn't his fault in the very end.

                    This happened in 2013.

                    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_derailm...

                    • bflesch18 days ago
                      Attacks by russia on German railways happen at least once per month, the last one happened yesterday and a train with chemicals was targeted. They attack our production.

                        - https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/rheinland-pfalz/gueterzug-lok-entgleist-hattersheim-beeintraechtigung-und-ausfaelle-im-zugverkehr-in-rheinland-pfalz-100.html 
                      
                        - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EudOiRZ7txs
                      
                        - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dHN9ZnaZI0
                      
                        - https://www.hessenschau.de/tv-sendung/gueterzug-entgleist--bahnverkehr-lahmgelegt--hessenschau-vom-13052025,video-210638.html
                      • aa-jv17 days ago
                        There is absolutely no viable evidence presented to support the claim that Russia is responsible for these attacks. It could just as easily be claimed that the CIA is responsible for these attacks - simply because the USA also stand to benefit from such actions. However it would be inappropriate to make this claim without evidence.

                        You are spreading disinformation.

                      • anthk17 days ago
                        Spain is not Germany geopolitically.
  • andy12_19 days ago
    The most important context is this image[1] from the Guardia Civil. Using Google Maps, and using as context the tree, post and yellow connection box in the image, we can place its location at 180m before the accident in the tracks of the Iryo train. The image appears to show a track welding failure. This would match the reports of some passengers[2] that reported that the "train started shaking violently" before the accident.

    Photo at 38.00771000519087, -4.565435982666953

    Accident at 38.009292813090475, -4.564960554581273

    [1] https://img2.rtve.es/im/16899875/?w=900

    [2] https://x.com/eleanorinthesky/status/2012961856520917401?s=2...

    • bob102918 days ago
      The first image looks like sabotage to me. Continuous welded rail sections are much longer than this gap.
      • perihelions18 days ago
        Just a few weeks ago, terrorists twice tried to sabotage rail lines in Poland, endangering a passenger train with hundreds of people.

        > "[Prime Minister Donald] Tusk said that a military-grade C4 explosive device had been detonated on 15 November at about 21:00 (20:00 GMT) near the village of Mika."

        > "The explosion, which happened as a freight train was passing, caused minor damage to a wagon floor. It was captured on CCTV."

        > "Tusk said the train driver had not even noticed the incident."

        > "A previous attempt to derail a train by placing a steel clamp on the rail had failed, he added."

        > "The second act of sabotage, on 17 November, involved a train carrying 475 passengers having to suddenly brake because of damaged railway infrastructure, said Tusk."

        https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gknv8nxlzo

        • thisislife218 days ago
          So, was it the Russians or the Ukrainians (as is the case with the Nordstream pipelines)?
      • laurencerowe18 days ago
        Wouldn't the gap simply be the result of loss of tension after the weld broke? Metal expands in the heat (about 1cm per degree C per km). Weather shows it got down to around 0C in Córdoba last night while the summer record is around 47C so one would expect a fairly large gap once tension is released.
      • parliament3218 days ago
        Looks like a pull-apart: bad weld, then cold weather caused contraction from both sides making a gap. Pretty massive for a pull-apart but not impossible.
      • verytrivial18 days ago
        If sabotage it will be plain as day to a trained eye. I await the report. That break could also be explained by the rail heading away in that photo snapping at that point because the train pushed it out, noting the rail has rotated 90 degrees clockwise -- something did that work, and it was probably the train going out and over. I'm not a rail tie expert (nor is anyone likely to be on HN) so I don't know if this is an unusual failure mode. But there was a line change point intersection immediately south of the crash. My money is there was a fault (accidental or deliberate) there, not at this snapping point.
  • jonp88819 days ago
    For many years the Spanish state-owned company RENFE had a monopoly on Spain's huge high speed rail network. However their high prices, inconvenient schedules and poor customer service were often criticized, and so when, to the annoyance of RENFE and many spanish politicians, additional foreign operators entered the market on the key Madrid - Barcelona route, ridership doubled whilst ticket prices halved.

    So I would standby for this tragedy to be used for political purposes to try and get foreign operators banned from Spanish tracks, regardless of the facts of the matter.

    • diegocg19 days ago
      Foreign operators are mandated by the EU, they can't be banned. Spain has been one of the first countries to allow foreign high speed operators (unlike other European countries that did attempt to delay their entrance as much as possible
      • oersted19 days ago
        I have observed that it is a recurring pattern. I am most aware of the behind the scenes in public education, but I believe it is across the board.

        Massive efforts are done to implement reforms to conform to EU standards, believing that that’s how the “superior” EU members do it (Germany, NL, Nordics…). But then I go there and I see that their system has nothing to do with the standards and they are not doing much to conform.

        It’s fine, these reforms are often beneficial for Spain, and I do believe that generally being in the EU is a big win-win. Although sometimes it’s just a lot of unnecessary reshuffling at great cost.

        A certain segment of the Spanish population really looks up to northern EU countries, or rather they feel a sense of inferiority. In practice there is not all that much to look up to and I believe Spain should be feel more confident. Many great things are prevented by the widespread belief that we are in a shitty country and that everyone is useless, but it is just not true.

        • jeroenhd19 days ago
          > Massive efforts are done to implement reforms to conform to EU standards, believing that that’s how the “superior” EU members do it (Germany, NL, Nordics…).

          I can't speak for Germany or the Nordics, but here in the Netherlands the government is doing just about anything in their power to keep foreign competition from our rail network. The only lines serviced by foreign operators are the ones that would cost the national operator more than they would bring in and (some of) the international train services.

          Our "high speed" rail is a joke. The trains themselves are fine, but the bridges over them are too brittle for the train to actually achieve high speeds, so it's operating at less than half the speed Spanish high speed rail is operating at. If anything, the success of the Spanish rail operators is an argument in favour of actually bringing competition to Dutch rail operators.

          That said, the Dutch railway network is very different from the Spanish railway network. We're a small, densely populated country with many stops along just about any track, barely giving most trains time to accelerate even between larger city centers. The network is complex, the rails are extremely busy all hours of the day, our trains run on an idiotically low voltage and two trains with a dozen minutes in delays can back up the national train grid in no time if they slow down in the wrong spot. There are only a few long-distance high-speed rail options that make sense, some of which already sort of exist (Eurostar to the south), some of which our neighbours plainly don't want (any Dutch rail project crossing into the German border), and some of which are hardly financially viable (trains from the big cities to remote parts of the country) in a country that doesn't want to spend money on public transport.

          • ReptileMan19 days ago
            >Our "high speed" rail is a joke

            Do you need high speed rail at all? There are not many points in the country that are more than 1 hour away with regular speed trains.

            • yurishimo19 days ago
              It would be nice to have a couple of routes between a few major cities with nonstop service, but there are are no bypasses around the interstitial cities so those would need to be built first.

              Groningen -> Amsterdam

              Maastricht -> Amsterdam

              Eindhoven -> Amsterdam

              Nijmegen -> Amsterdam

              I can only speak for myself, but a trip from Maastricht to Amsterdam is almost 2.5 hours by train for a distance of a smidge over 200km. This is mainly due to all of the stops along the way to pick up riders in every major city between the two.

              Currently, our trains never go faster than 160km/h if the onboard screens are to be trusted.

              • jeroenhd19 days ago
                There are a few tracks that can go faster than 160km/h (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Baanvaks...) but also slower ones. The 80km/h tracks especially have a tendency to make a relatively short journey feel like it takes forever, especially if your train journey includes a trip over the 200km/h segment.
                • LargoLasskhyfv18 days ago
                  "Gut Ding will Weile haben." / "Haste makes waste."

                  I've got good memories waiting on the platform in Arnhem for my train back into Germany in the early morning, after a night in the coffeeshops there in the nineties.

                  Observing all the commuters holding on to their coffee to go, and balancing it in their hands, anticipating the jerky start of these things https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS_Mat_%2764 :-)

                  Looked hilarious. All in sync. Like orchestrated.

                  Regarding the percieved slowness, and differences on both sides of the border(at the times?).

                  When doing the same route by car, your motorways felt supersmooth, even with all the strange markings and traffic signs :-)

                  Crossing back into Germany toward Oberhausen-> Ruhrpott came the Autobahn made of concrete slabs, and gaps between them. Thump, thump, thump, thump, thump!.

                  Very annoying when still 'under the influence' of that grassy green stuff :-)

            • jeroenhd19 days ago
              Taking a train to the nearest (usable) airport within the Netherlands takes between 2 and 2.5 hours depending on the available trains, amount of transfers, and "high-speed" (not actually) rail surcharge. Actually, because of a train hitting someone, I currently can't reach any airport by train because my city is right at the edge of the train network. Groningen-Schiphol is similar, and Maastricht-Schiphol is 2,5 hours at the very minimum. Meanwhile, Amsterdam-Brussels takes about 2 hours.

              Our regular train speeds are 80kmh to 140kmh, with maybe a little bit of 160kmh on specific stretches.

              I realize my country is incredibly well-connected by public transit and those 2 hours are already a massive luxury compared to probably most of the world's population, but I wouldn't mind a few high-speed lines from the center of the country (probably Utrecht) to major cities. With trains currently being more expensive than taking a car if you travel with two people or more, it'd make the high cost worth it.

              • ReptileMan18 days ago
                and your country is 320 kilometers high and 250 wide. There may be a lot of problems with your rail network but insufficient train speed ain't one of them. With the current rail speeds you can cross it comfortably in two hours in any direction. Probably you need to optimize it, lay new train tracks, but there is no need to go for the expensive high speed.
              • tremon18 days ago
                The station density in NL simply doesn't allow for the same kind of high-speed rail that you see in Spain, France or Germany. The segments Groningen-Zwolle and Maastricht-Eindhoven are basically the only parts where train speeds over 200km/h make any difference. On all other trajectories, the limiting factor is not the maximum train speed but the interference from other rail traffic.

                The major cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Den Haag) typically have 4 trains/hour going between them. Higher-speed trains won't make any difference there, unless you first build out dedicated infrastructure (like the IC Direct line between Schiphol and Rotterdam, which cuts a whopping 20 mins from the regular IC travel time).

        • wongarsu19 days ago
          It's a common pattern far beyond the EU. One big driving force is that if you have an existing solution that achieves 80% you have much less incentive to change than if your current state only achieves 50%. So the "inferior" country modernizes to the new 100% solution while the "superior" one might stay on the 80% solution for far longer
        • pestatije19 days ago
          exactly...39 dead and we should feel more confident, that's how shitty we are
          • wongarsu19 days ago
            Compared to road deaths that's practically nothing. Obviously 39 dead are 39 too many, and in terms of railway disasters it's a lot, but in the bigger picture it's a blip
          • tpm19 days ago
            Tragedies like this do happen elsewhere. It's just important to make sure they don't happen twice for the same reason.

            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschede_train_disaster

      • arielcostas19 days ago
        France, for example, has been trying to delay allowing Renfe (Spanish operator) to operate through the country as much as possible, while their public operator SNCF (branded as Ouigo) has been able to operate here since 2021.
        • michieldotv19 days ago
          This EU free-rider behavior is unfortunately typical of French public sector policy.

          European energy markets were famously liberalised in 1996, allowing French state-owned EDF to acquire the previously state-owned monopolist Electrabel in Belgium. All the while France negotiated an exemption for not privatising EDF because of its nuclear facilities. EU regulations should prevent this type of free-ridership: state-owned companies shouldn't be able to compete abroad if they don't face competition at home.

        • nyreed18 days ago
          Interestingly SNCF is expected to subsidise less profitable local services with funds from the profitable high speed routes.

          Open competition kind of spoils this model. It's not really sustainable.

          • arielcostas18 days ago
            It's not. Regulation (EC) No 1370/2007[^1] states in the annex, related to compensation in cases where a public operator operates subsidised public services and commercial, for-profit activities, that:

            >In order to increase transparency and avoid cross-subsidies, where a public service operator not only operates compensated services subject to public transport service obligations, but also engages in other activities, the accounts of the said public services must be separated so as to meet at least the following conditions: [...]

            Another topic is: should France be allowed to keep the TGV monopoly in their country because they need it to finance the rest of their network, while they are allowed to operate abroad (like in Spain), taking away business from Renfe through the free market competition they try to impede on their country anyway?

            [^1]: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32...

    • elnatro19 days ago
      Unless there is evidence that the accident was caused by the Iryo train, I wouldn’t be so fast to blame the private companies on a decaying infrastructure.

      There are plenty of cases of lack of maintenance in the railway network.

      • Xenoamorphous19 days ago
        > Unless there is evidence that the accident was caused by the Iryo train

        I'd say the same about the railway network. We don't know what happened yet.

        • elnatro19 days ago
          The railway network has been mismanaged and plagued with incidents for years. See it for yourself: ADIF was aware that there were issues in Adamuz for months[1].

          [1]: https://www.elespanol.com/reportajes/20260119/adif-notifico-...

          • Xenoamorphous19 days ago
            That doesn't mean we know for sure it was that, don't you think? Your comments seem very politically motivated, and you're asking others to not blame it on the train as the reasons for the accident are still unknown and at the same time you're pushing the maintenance issues narrative.
            • elnatro19 days ago
              I am nos asking anything. You can think what you want. What the data that we have right now tells us is: new train built in 2022, checked 4 days ago[1], and issues on that part of the railway track for months[2].

              [1]: https://elpais.com/espana/2026-01-19/el-fabricante-hitachi-r...

              [2]: https://www.elespanol.com/reportajes/20260119/adif-notifico-...

              • Xenoamorphous19 days ago
                Were you so quick to blame the government in the Alvia accident in Santiago? Just wait for the investigation.
                • elnatro19 days ago
                  The machinists were warning about issues in the curve of Angrois for a long time.

                  Why are you so quick on disregarding their opinion?

                  • severino19 days ago
                    You mean the People's Party (PP) which was in charge when the Angrois derailment happened didn't do anything to address the warnings from the machinists? Because they had been in government for more than a year and a half already.
                    • elnatro18 days ago
                      You mean the socialist party whose minister José Blanco opened the track?
                      • severino18 days ago
                        No, I mean the party who was in charge when all that happened (PP). They had plenty of time to fix that if, as you claim, the machinists were warning about issues in the railroad.
      • wolvoleo19 days ago
        But like the OP says this particular infrastructure area was brand new.
        • TacticalCoder19 days ago
          But brand new doesn't mean the repairs / mainenance were done correctly. It could both be brand "new" and defective.

          We've seen lots of serious fuck ups in Europe lately: including for a start several cases of maintenance improperly done on big passenger planes that nearly led to hundreds of passengers deaths (several planes have been diverted in the last months and the cause was improper maintenance).

          I'm not saying improper repairs/maintenance on the rails are the cause: I'm saying it's a fact we've seen improper repairs/maintenance on passenger planes in the recent months.

        • whizzter19 days ago
          I think much manufacturing adheres to the die-young, die-old principle (Often mentioned in the Backblaze reports), manufacturing defects shows up early on, time of stillness and then as it ages it starts to fail.

          The tracks were laid in May 2025, that means no winters had passed before now and any defects in the tracks due to temperature differences hadn't had a chance to appear before now.

          • 171862744019 days ago
            Railways are neither consumer electronics, nor software. There is a final inspection after construction work, in which the network operator releases the constructor from responsibilities, which should catch any issues. When the network operator later claims, that there was a manufacturing defect, the first question is why didn't it has known earlier, because that is their job.
    • locknitpicker19 days ago
      > So I would standby for this tragedy to be used for political purposes

      This is an ignorant opinion. For multiple reasons.

      Derailing under these circumstances is a track issue, which means ADIF, the state's infrastructure maintainer, is under suspicion. Not operators, the state's infrastructure maintainer.

      Liberalization of the railway sector is an EU-wide mandate. It's not some whimsical slip of a single country's leadership.

      Years ago there was an AVE derailment in Santiago de Compostela. No one banned RENFE from the lines.

      • ThePowerOfFuet19 days ago
        >Derailing under these circumstances is a track issue, which means ADIF, the state's infrastructure maintainer, is under suspicion.

        This is the most likely outcome, but it is not as cut-and-dried as you are presenting it.

        It could be a broken rail weld, it could be track sabotage, it could be a broken wheel or bogie... we don't know yet.

        • locknitpicker18 days ago
          > It could be a broken rail weld, it could be track sabotage, it could be a broken wheel or bogie... we don't know yet.

          Yes, the root cause is still unknown, and an investigation needs to happen to determine the root cause.

          Sabotage or not, the infrastructure is by far the most likely suspect.

          Even in the Santiago de Compostela accident, the root cause was the way the Spanish high speed railway infrastructure was mismanaged. Originally they tried to throw the train conductor under the proverbial bus with accusations of speeding to impress a girl, but later the investigation determined the track section failed to support basic speed limiters.

          Jumping to conclusions about evil private railway operators is just ignorant and dumb.

      • elnatro19 days ago
        [flagged]
        • severino19 days ago
          > The government during that time (of the same party than this one) did nothing.

          It looks like you're quite interested in pointing out that the culprit of this 2013 accident was the same party which is now in office, but even if we take a look at your sources, it says something different:

          "Las víctimas creen que hubo cuatro decisiones críticas. Primero, el cambio de proyecto original realizado por Blanco, que suprimió el sistema de seguridad ERTMS en la vía justo antes de Angrois. Segundo, la decisión del ministerio de Ana Pastor de desconectar el sistema embarcado en el Alvia, desactivando una medida técnica que habría ayudado a mitigar el riesgo de un error humano como el que tuvo el maquinista. La tercera decisión fue ignorar un aviso por escrito de un jefe de maquinistas advirtiendo del riesgo en la curva de Angrois. La cuarta, que Adif y Renfe permitieron poner en servicio la línea sin haber realizado el análisis y evaluación de riesgos que exigía la normativa."

          There we can read that not only the former minister Blanco (socialist) was to blame according to the demonstrators, but also Ana Pastor (conservative) whose party was in charge when the accident happened.

  • sillysaurusx19 days ago
    If you’re interested in this kind of thing, look up plainly difficult on youtube. He has more videos on train crashes than I’ve seen, and I’m embarrassed how many I’ve seen. Here’s one to get you started: https://youtu.be/VV2rIHEp5AM?si=sSBT9s49PqbLTGbt

    There are a lot of safety lessons embedded in these videos, which is why I like them. I also did a double take when I heard "semaphore"; its history goes back far longer than the ~century of software engineering. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore

    • bigmeme19 days ago
      Oh you silly duck! Semafor is a common word in a handful of other languages for things like traffic lights and such. I had to do a double take when I first saw it in a programming class.

      Also hope you’re doing well it’s been a minute since our paths crossed on gdnet.

      • rob7419 days ago
        "Semaphore" is (old) Greek and means "sign (sema) bearer (phore)", and actually the meaning in railways and computing is more or less the same: in computing, a semaphore signals if a resource is in use; in railways, the resource is a segment of a railway line, and the user is a train.
        • anthk18 days ago
          It does the same role in plain roads between pedestrians, cars and similar vehicles.
      • seanmcdirmid19 days ago
        [flagged]
        • karmakurtisaani19 days ago
          Copy pasting AI vomit is like leetspeak or all caps. Should not be used in online discussion.
          • seanmcdirmid19 days ago
            I disagree, but we are all entitled to our own opinions, and I get that there are a lot of luddites on HN these days. The fact that you consider it vomit rather than useful information just says more about you than me. If there was just a wiki page on how railway terms were used in computing, I would have just linked that (search didn't turn up anything in the first few pages).
            • orwin19 days ago
              At least ask it to summarise. I'm not against reading AI text, but the more verbose it gets, the worst reading it feels.
              • karmakurtisaani19 days ago
                Yeah a summary is fine. Or a paragraph from the relevant part.
    • delta_p_delta_x19 days ago
      The basics of mutual exclusion algorithms were developed for railway timetabling and track signalling.
    • cyode19 days ago
      No cause is known yet, but based on the videos, what’s the most likely reason for crashes? Bad tracks? Some human error resulting in collision?
      • anonu19 days ago
        I don't want to speculate on this crash but my mental model for these things is that there's always a handful of factors that all align and converge to create an accident. Some factors are deep-rooted - and point to decisions made years ago - sometimes related to company culture. Theres always an element of operator error: someone ignored something due to inattention or sleepiness.
      • 19 days ago
        undefined
      • scoot19 days ago
        What's the befit of speculating at this point? Let the investigators investigate, and hopefully some lessons will be learned.
        • embedding-shape19 days ago
          Social? A lot of the bars/restaurants people go to in the morning for coffee/breakfast usually have news on the TV, and people usually talk with each other when big news happens.

          This morning, big debates about what happened, whose fault it is, how safe/dangerous trains are, anecdotes from the past and jokes. Somber but lively discussions. Benefit is social cohesion with your neighbours and compatriots :)

    • anthk18 days ago
      In Spanish a traffic light it's called a semaphore too.
      • spixy18 days ago
        In Slavic countries as well. Traffic lights for cars as well as for pedestrians.
  • zhfanlqeo19 days ago
    The train in question is a Frecciarossa 1000 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000

    The Italians designed it but won't run it at more than 300km/h in Italy citing local infrastructure concerns. I guess that leaves other countries to find the edge cases. I'll be interested to find out how fast it was going during the crash.

    • bouke19 days ago
      AnsaldoBreda did also manufacture the Fyra trains for the short-lived high-speed trains here in The Netherlands. After three trains lost parts in the first month, it was banned from operations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyra
    • singingbard19 days ago
      Looks like a Frecciarossa 1000 derailed in 2020 but it was due to a manufacturer defect in a track switch replaced the night before.

      The defect was not caught by the manufacturer or the system operator. It was due to two crossed wires in an assembly.

      I know a lot more engineering goes into these trains due to the higher stakes. Japan’s high speed rail hasn’t had a fatal accident in 60 years. I’m wondering what the cause of this will turn out to be.

      • shiroiuma19 days ago
        Japan's shinkansen system has never had a fatal accident, except for one incident in 1995 where someone got killed at a station because he was caught in a door as the train departed the station (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishima_Station_incident). No one has ever died in a derailing, crash, etc.
      • rurban19 days ago
        Actually the defect was detected by the operators, who installed it that night. They disabled the switch, but apparently this didn't reach the day shift.
    • kccqzy19 days ago
      Yeah but for this accident both trains were well below 300 km/h at the incident site. Around 210 km/h I think.
  • hexbin01019 days ago
    Blame game has started. Minister saying the track was renewed in May. Train operator saying the train was inspected 4 days ago.

    I'm in Spain currently. Very sad news.

    • sillyfluke19 days ago
      Not to go too off-topic but what was the last word on the internet blackout and also the (unrelated) stolen train cable wire incidents from last year? Were there any satisfying conclusions?

      In both you had people saying wait till the thorough investigation finishes, but I don't recall any commotion or bells and whistles around any final reports on those events. Unless I totally missed it of course.

      • hexbin01019 days ago
        No idea but yeah of course it's a common tactic to squash criticism by being all haughty and saying everyone must wait for official investigations etc. There's middle ground. Especially when proper journalism is basically non existent these days
    • littlestymaar19 days ago
      > Blame game has started.

      And the top comment of this tread is doing exactly that. We still have no idea of what happened and the bodies aren't even cold yet, it's disgusting.

  • thecopy19 days ago
    As a reference, ~1500-2000 people die every year due to cars in Spain.
    • mlrtime19 days ago
      I knew this would come up so specifically searched for the comment. And I knew the death rate for cars would be >>>> than trains.

      HOWEVER, there is something unique scary about a single incident that kills more people that fit in a typical car. Combined with the fact that you have 0 control over it is much more frightening (for lack of a better word) than car static deaths.

      Just my opnion, may not be rational but I'd still rather be behind the wheel?

      • jeroenhd19 days ago
        > fact that you have 0 control over it

        I may feel in control inside of my car, but it's up to the rest of the general populace to not T-bone me and kill me on every intersection and roundabout I pass. Every corner is a risk where someone can steer into my lane and cause a frontal collision. Every highway off-ramp, a suicidal driver may try to kill himself against my car. Every truck I pass is a possible burst tyre away from crushing me against the barriers. And that's outside of the car; pedestrians are at the whim of any vehicle.

        Most people usually behave on the road, stick to driving legally, don't drink or do drugs behind the wheel, and can manage to stop safely in dangerous situations. However, I feel like many people overestimate how well they could control their car in a dangerous scenario.

        • mlrtime19 days ago
          100% true, and it may not be rational vs statistics. However in your case your control is still > 0. Seasoned drivers have a six sense about the environment.

          * Everyone over estimates their driving ability vs the average

          * No matter how much control you think you have, there are always things outside your control.

          • messe19 days ago
            > Seasoned drivers have a six sense about the environment.

            > * Everyone over estimates their driving ability vs the average

            Reflect on that for a moment.

            • mlrtime18 days ago
              It wasn't by mistake, it was there to let replies know I had reflected on it.

              Humans aren't [100%] rational, never will be. That is why Spock is so popular.

          • agubelu18 days ago
            > * Everyone over estimates their driving ability vs the average

            Exactly. If there's an issue, I'd much rather delegate control to the pilots or train drivers who have been trained to deal with such issues.

      • agubelu18 days ago
        I'll take a trip by train or plane rather than by car every single time.

        I feel WAY more safe knowing that the vehicle is operated by trained professionals and there's an extremely robust system around them to ensure safety, rather than whatever semblance of control I think I have driving my car.

      • embedding-shape19 days ago
        > but I'd still rather be behind the wheel

        Maybe if it's a trip I do once in a while. But going from Málaga to Madrid and back once a week, in a car, driving? Or Barcelona <> Madrid once a week? No, hard pass, I'd rather be driven by someone else, in a comfy carriage, where I can comfortably sleep or do other things in the meantime.

        Me and thousands of others agree, otherwise we wouldn't have one of the most expansive train networks in the world. Spain might be larger than people think, driving to everywhere in the country while fun, isn't feasible for repeated trips, the distances are just too large.

        With that said, every once in a while a road trip with a car is really nice, maybe every 1-2 years, and driving across Europe stopping when you see something interesting or driving towards interesting things you see in the distance. Hard to get that same "explorer" feeling with other modes of transportation :)

        • mlrtime19 days ago
          True, I don't drive or take public transportation for a commute so I wasn't thinking of that scenario. I wasn't thinking of a scenario where I HAD to do it frequently.
          • embedding-shape19 days ago
            Afaik, that's how lots (most?) of the train network is used here, cheap commuting to/from work on the weekdays, and to/from birthplace/family-town/city/closest metropolitan area on the weekends/holidays. Probably true for most places with extensive train networks, come to think of it.
      • ihaveajob17 days ago
        Yes, it's the same as with nuclear vs coal. A nuclear disaster is so spectacular that it attracts a lot of attention. Meanwhile, millions of kids suffering from asthma, dying of cancer, etc. don't make the 9pm news because it's harder to connect the dots.
    • embedding-shape19 days ago
      Relative comparison for 2023:

      United States: 7.83 deaths/km

      Spain: 4.41 deaths/km

      Sweden: 2.79 deaths/km

    • ifwinterco19 days ago
      You have to divide that by miles travelled to get a meaningful number - trains will still be a lot safer, but comparing oranges to apples doesn't help the argument
    • alt22719 days ago
      How many cars are on the road in spain compared to how many trains are on the rail network?

      I would like to see an apples to apples comparison of deaths per mile travelled on the road and rail networks.

      • thinkingtoilet19 days ago
        I think the only real metric would be death for X km traveled, correct?
        • alt22719 days ago
          That is exactly what I wrote isnt it?

          EDIT: You replied no and then deleted your post, I assume that is because you agree.

          • 19 days ago
            undefined
  • igleria19 days ago
    Taking the commuter train to and from Dublin, sometimes another train on the other direction passes and it's a bit unnerving. I cannot imagine such a collision between two high speed trains :(
    • SwiftyBug19 days ago
      I have the same feeling riding the TGV in France. When another train passes in the opposite direction, the pressure in the interior of the cabin even changes. Not sure if it lowers or raises, but I can definitely feel it in my ears.
    • tsoukase18 days ago
      Look for train collision in Greece (1), the only in a developed country. Extensive research has been done, from a simple switch malfunction to plasma scale temperatures.

      1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempi_train_crash

  • elnatro18 days ago
    The investigation is already pointing on the direction of poor maintenance[1].

    [1]: https://euroweeklynews.com/2026/01/19/focus-of-guardia-civil...

  • eudamoniac19 days ago
    As an American with no good rails, I've always been curious: what stops a crazy person from throwing a boulder onto the high speed tracks, or a raccoon getting on it, or other such derailment attempts? Is there high security electric fencing all around the track the whole route or something like that?
    • mholm19 days ago
      Animals become a fine red mist when presented with these sorts of forces. The train feels a bump, but will not crash. I'm unsure at what size a rock will cause issues, but I would expect in most cases they would be kicked away by the train without issue, if a person can move them.
    • jacekm18 days ago
      Animals on tracks remain a problem, although they do not pose risk to human life (just damages to the trains). One of the attempts to protect animals include acoustic deterrents, here's a Polish one as an example [1] but they are manufactured around the world. The Polish one plays sounds of predators, dying creatures, hunting dogs, etc to scare away forest animals (search for "UOZ-1" on youtube if you want to hear the sounds). Such devices significantly lower the number of collisions but unfortunately they are not 100% effective.

      [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0j68iepI88

    • cguess19 days ago
      We do have good rails, but they're regional. the NE Corridor is pretty solid overall and METRA and Amtrak in the Chicago area works quite well.
      • eudamoniac18 days ago
        The brand new fastest rail in the country is barely over half the speed of the Shanghai bullet train, so I have to disagree about our rails being "good" even in the best case.
  • elnatro13 days ago
    The derailing happened where an old piece of rail from 1989 was soldered to a new rail[1].

    [1]: https://www.elmundo.es/economia/2026/01/24/69751757e85ecebc3...

  • dust4219 days ago
    From the aerial imagery it looks like the accident sequence started at the track switch [1]. The RENFE is rested south of it and the Iryo is north. Quite similar to the 1998 Eschede ICE accident which started with a broken wheel rim and finally derailed at a track switch.

    I wonder how anybody knows that it was the Iryo train that caused the accident.

    [1] https://maps.app.goo.gl/Cek9DgChguXJxVpd6

  • timbooktwo17 days ago
    Local chats are saying that this is retaliation by a drug cartel after a 10-ton shipment of drugs was intercepted - this was reported in the news recently. In general, Spain has a long history of railway attacks carried out for mafia-linked, pseudo-political reasons.
  • elnatro14 days ago
    All evidence shows that the railway was broken when the Iryo train reached that point.

    So, a maintenance issue because of lack of investment.

  • deadbabe19 days ago
    Always try to sit in seats where your back is toward the direction of motion.
    • bjackman19 days ago
      Train crashes like this are _so_ rare. It's not as safe as flying but AFAICT in rich countries it's the same rough order of magnitude in terms of danger level.

      I don't have data but I would imagine crashes on these high speed lines (which always seem to be run at a higher level of professionalism than the general networks) are rarest of all.

      I don't think it's a good use of mental energy to plan for a crash like this. You're better off using your brain cycles on hygiene or not losing your luggage.

      • D_Alex19 days ago
        >It's not as safe as flying

        In France and Japan, HSR has had zero fatalities in the entire period of operation.

        In China, HSR had AFAIR one fatal crash, with 40 fatalities. Per passenger-mile, Chinese HSR is twice as safe as US air travel.

        • fredoralive19 days ago
          France has had one fatal crash on an LGV, but it was during initial line testing where some safety systems were bypassed.

          https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckwersheim_derailment

          • littlestymaar19 days ago
            TIL.

            At first, when seeing it was in 2015 I was extremely surprised I didn't heard about it at the time. Then I saw the date: Nov 14th 2015, just the day after the ISIS terror attacks in Paris, France's 9/11. Of course we barely heard about a train crash at that time…

            • pjerem19 days ago
              I remember this day because I worked in a company that made software for train networks.

              It did briefly made the news but not for long due to the terror attacks and also there wasn’t any passenger on this train, it was a train testing.

              In fact the story is even more tragic when you know that the day before, they also were too fast in the same turn and in the records you hear something like « few, that was close, better take care next time ».

              However, for sure this crash should have never happened but it only happened because they were testing the limits of both the train and the track.

              It’s literally like a test pilot crashing an airplane while testing all the limits : it should never happen but they are still there for it not to happen in commercial flights.

              • fransje2619 days ago
                > However, for sure this crash should have never happened but it only happened because they were testing the limits of both the train and the track.

                No. It happened because they were under-prepared and disorganized, and thereby didn't respect the speed restrictions for the segment of track they were on.

                They crashed entering a 175 km/h segment at 265 km/h, which is well above the 10% overspeed they were theoretically testing that day.

        • ThePowerOfFuet19 days ago
          >In France and Japan, HSR has had zero fatalities in the entire period of operation.

          https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckwersheim_derailment

          • Xylakant19 days ago
            I would not consider an accident during a test run with partially disabled safety procedures a regular part of operations - on a normal run, the train should have slowed down or stopped automatically before derailing because it did significantly exceed the design speed of the track.
      • SkiFire1319 days ago
        > I don't have data

        Most railway deaths in the EU are due to unauthorized people on the tracks or due to crossings. The actual number of passengers deaths has been really low in the past years.

        https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php...

        • bjackman18 days ago
          Aha yeah I did not consider the danger to _passengers_ specifically.

          So yeah if you follow the rules you are REALLY safe with rail.

          Not to mention the stats about HSR specifically that a few others brought up.

      • throw31082219 days ago
        > It's not as safe as flying

        In the EU it's safer than flying, with 0.5 deaths per 100 billion km/ passenger vs 3 deaths per 100 billion kms/ passenger. However, since an airplane flies at, let's say, six times the average speed of a train, the actual probability of dying during a 1-hour trip is almost 40 times more on a plane than on a train.

        • sebastiennight19 days ago
          Do your stats include all rail? Because the average airplane definitely does not travel at 6 times the speed of high-speed rail (more like 2.5-3x), and definitely way faster than regional rail (in the order of 12x)
      • sillysaurusx19 days ago
        Brain cycles aren’t a limited supply. Besides, you’ll get to feel a nice jolt of serotonin when you remember to sit backwards.

        > I would imagine crashes on these high speed lines (which always seem to be run at a higher level of professionalism than the general networks) are rarest of all

        If this crash is anything like the other ones, you might be surprised. Safety complacency tends to cause maintenance failures. Plus the low speed lines are less deadly since the total energy is proportional to velocity squared, and v is low.

        In other words, it might be more helpful to look at it as "if they’re run at a higher level of standards, it’s because they have to be".

        Statistically you’re probably right, but considering how many brain cycles we waste on non-essentials, it’s just as fun to waste them on this. That way you can start a nerdy conversation with your travel companions, and they can learn to travel without you next time.

        • crote19 days ago
          > Plus the low speed lines are less deadly since the total energy is proportional to velocity squared, and v is low.

          You're forgetting about the probability of a crash.

          The vast majority of train crashes is due to an impact with a vehicle on a railway crossing.

          However, high-speed rail is grade separated, so it doesn't have railway crossings, which means the main cause of crashes is fundamentally impossible.

          In other words: Regular rail has a high rate of crashes (with a small number of fatalities each) due to car/truck drivers screwing up. High-speed rail has a low rate of crashes (with a large-ish number of fatalities each) due to catastrophic failure of track & train equipment.

        • Dylan1680719 days ago
          > Brain cycles aren’t a limited supply.

          Sure they are.

          > Besides, you’ll get to feel a nice jolt of serotonin when you remember to sit backwards.

          I can also get that by remembering that I'm conquering a superstition and fitting my behavior closer to real risks.

        • lxgr19 days ago
          Zero-risk bias at work. If it’s actually fun for you, don’t let anyone stop you, but I wouldn’t go as far as making it a confident general recommendation.
    • rsynnott19 days ago
      This is so rare that it's not really worth thinking about, as a passenger (of course, it should be on the _operators_ minds). You're far more likely to die getting to the station.
    • mitthrowaway219 days ago
      I feel like airplanes should be designed this way. Outside of takeoff and landing it would be pretty hard to even notice the difference, once you're seated.
      • cromulent19 days ago
        At least BEA airliners used to have quite a few backward facing seats, up to half the plane.

        However, there were a number of problems - people didn't like sitting in them, people didn't like hearing that their seat wasn't as safe as the others, you can't get as many rows in unless you turn them all backwards, and the structure needs to be designed differently so then you need more spares.

      • whatevaa19 days ago
        C5 Galaxy (US military jumbo cargo plane) has a passenger compartment with rear facing seats.
    • xlbuttplug219 days ago
      Huh. I'd never thought of this. If that is actually meaningfully beneficial, I wonder if they'd design self driving cars with the seats facing backwards, given there's no longer a necessity to look at the road.

      (edit: I guess it's more of no-brainer on a train/bus where you don't have a seat belt)

      • keyle19 days ago
        Not the author, but I think there was some research and it's indeed better for you if you have head support, to be facing back towards the front. If prevents a whole range of injuries, from your neck, to becoming a projectile yourself.

        But it's really theoretical, and does not account for the passenger in front of you headed head-first into your throat.

        PS: I laughed hard that xlbuttplug2 is answering to deadbabe. The internet lives!

        • rooo99919 days ago
          Not sure what kind of cars you drive but in mine all the seats face the same direction. Why would they change that when making it safer?
          • denkmoon19 days ago
            Consider the "booth seats" in trains and busses. So people can chat etc facing each other. If you've got a waymo with your friends why wouldn't you want the seats facing each other so you can be social, excluding this safety factor.
        • raaron77319 days ago
          Interesting. I didnt know this, i always get motiom sickness if i sit facing the opposite direction.
        • 19 days ago
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      • holowoodman19 days ago
        Sitting backwards is beneficial if looking at accidents.

        But sitting backwards is very very uncomfortable if there is any kind of uneven acceleration, bumps, swaying, rolling, curvy tracks or whatever. Humans need to look forward at the horizon to get their visual stimuli aligned with their motion/balance sense in the inner ear. If that alignment isn't there, you will get seasick. Backwards makes this even worse.

        Babies don't suffer from this, because closing your eyes helps, and infants don't have as strong a reaction to motions anyways, due to them usually being carried by their parents until walking age. So reverse baby seats only work for babies.

        • jurip19 days ago
          That's a serious overgeneralization. It's true for some people, but trains mostly don't bump and swerve enough for that to be a significant problem. Finnish trains have lots of seats facing backwards and while they're not anywhere as fast as something like a TGV, they're still often going 200+ km/h. People seem to be just fine. I just spent 1 hour 40 minutes yesterday sitting backwards, mostly reading a book, with no ill effects.
      • radicaldreamer19 days ago
        Infant car seats face backwards, they recommend backwards facing for a long as possible (until the kid is too big to fit comfortably in a backwards facing position).
      • 0xfaded19 days ago
        Disclaimer I work for Zoox, but here is us crash testing https://youtu.be/597C9OwV0o4
        • deadbolt19 days ago
          I enjoyed watching that - though it wasn't really related to the seating direction, specifically.

          Are you one of the safety engineers? Have you discovered anything which isn't included in normal safety tests which should be?

      • dtech19 days ago
        It's incredibly beneficial. However many people dislike it and want to be facing the direction they are moving in, so best case is probably a train-style 4-seater. Which 2 seats facing forward and 2 backwards.
    • sillyfluke19 days ago
      I mean if there is actually conclusive evidence that this is safer how is it not criminal to not have all trains adhere to this? The only thing I can think of is motion sickness for some sizable minority of passengers, but even then I would expect them to know the rough percentage of passengers that would discomforted enough to not get on the train.
    • gitaarik19 days ago
      Or sit in the back of the train rather than the front
      • dboreham19 days ago
        Middle.
      • cyberpunk19 days ago
        It was the rear carriage which derailed
        • pantulis19 days ago
          ... but it seems most casualties in this accident are the passengers in the first carriages of the second train.

          You never know.

    • 19 days ago
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  • aarroyoc19 days ago
    Updated to 39 people now, but probably the number can still go up
  • pvaldes18 days ago
    After the TV videos, it seems that a chunk of 80cm or one meter of the railway was missing, or broke by the train passing.

    Just to add context:

    In 2025 August, the Spanish government blocked the attempt from Ganz MaVag Europe to buy Talgo, the main Spanish train maker. Ganz Magyar Vagon is an Hungarian company linked with Oil oligarchs close to the Victor Orban government. The government alleged National Security reasons when the National Intelligence Center started to suspect that the operation was really funded by a Russian Company, lending money to the Hungarians, via Corvinus International Investment Ltd.

    https://www.ft.com/content/e3074c51-7de1-4ed4-aafd-e3c20d9be...

    So it seems that Moscow could be trying to gain access to the Spanish train technology for some reason.

    Also, this crash happened in Andalucia. On 8 January 2026 the high velocity trains in Andalucia were delayed some hours by somebody stealing small amounts of copper cable from several vital parts of the system. It was ruled as common thievery, and it was not the first time. Similar events on may 2025:

    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm24l14l4zmo

    Stealing copper from the Spanish railway is like an Olympic sport lately. It seems strangely common on the previous hours to a big holiday, election or major event.

    The problem is causing serious economic damage and lots of troubles to the users of the Spanish Commuter rail system "Cercanias" and now escalated also to the high speed railway. The troubles with Cercanias can be often attributed to poor maintenance, but sometimes include also somebody placing rocks and trunks directly on the railway with the mere purpose to create chaos.

    EU is on an hybrid war with Russia, and that there are many documented boycotts against relevant European infrastructure, like the regular cut of submarine cables. At this moment is to soon to discard anything.

  • utopiah19 days ago
    Terrible and condolences to anybody affected.

    For a bit of context according to the OECD 2023 Spain had ~1800 on the road during the previous year, so that's about 5/day. There are more deaths on the road in Spain in a couple of weeks than this tragic accident. Either way it's too many deaths obviously but I want to highlight what a freak event this is compared to a more popular mode of transportation.

    Edit : Motivation behind that clarification https://ourworldindata.org/does-the-news-reflect-what-we-die... read some months ago but that stuck with me.

    • 19 days ago
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  • 18 days ago
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  • christkv19 days ago
    Yes. The Frecciarossa 1000 (ETR 1000) is an EMU, and the trainset’s coaches/cars are equipped with braking equipment as part of the integrated braking system—so it’s not “only the power cars” doing the braking.

    So my first gut instinct is that one wagons breaks malfunctioned and suddenly applied breaking power since it was the last two wagons that went off.

    • tomasphan19 days ago
      That’s how every train works since this system was made mandatory in the US in 1893(!). Asymmetric breaking does not cause cars to come off. The joint is stronger than the breaking force. Anyway, we know it was a portion of the track that had a weld fracture.
  • pvaldes17 days ago
    A third train in the Cercanias railway has crashed today and derailed after finding rocks laid in the railway and losing a wheel Axle on a rock.

    And of course, as in the last thousand times, it was on a very particular northern part of Spain that has lots and lots of similar sabotages in the last years. No victims this time.

    One time is maybe accident, two times in two days... nope. We are obviously under attack. All high speed trains in Spain were ordered to reduce the speed to a half temporarily. If seems that somebody really, really, don't wants the Spanish president going to the Davos Forum.

    • pvaldes17 days ago
      A new accident today in Catalonia, three train crashes in three days of the Davos Forum with four trains involved.

      The fourth train crashed against obstacles in the railway. One machinist killed and all commuter trains in the region halted until the railway is reviewed. High-speed velocity has been restored to normal values. Machinists went on strike and the narrative of poor maintenance is all around the place on internet.

      The chance of this happening just by random is zero. We didn't have a train crash in Spain in years and now we have three at the same time.

  • zrn90018 days ago
    It looks like 40 cm of track was cut away from the tracks. It looks like sabotage or terrorism.
    • zrn90015 days ago
      And voila, three more incidents in just the following three days. Even the opposition party is now making very cautious statements.
  • t1234s19 days ago
    [flagged]
    • ycombinatrix19 days ago
      How would a cyberattack cause a train to derail on a straight stretch of track?
    • pixl9719 days ago
      From a derailed train on a straight stretch of track... no. Very likely maintenance related somehow.
      • drdirk19 days ago
        Spanish article from LaVanguardia states that the train was rather new and the track recently maintained.
        • AdamN19 days ago
          New isn't always better. Lots of these types of accidents are because there was a repair or update that caused the failure.
        • pixl9718 days ago
          Recently maintained is more concerning if you look at the failure rate as a bathtub curve. Failure rates are much higher within the days after maintenance because any defects in repairs are apt to show up quickly.
  • OutOfHere19 days ago
    [flagged]
  • alphadatavault19 days ago
    [flagged]
  • salynchnew19 days ago
    [flagged]
    • tomhow19 days ago
      Please don't post like this on HN. This kind of comment is a generic tangent (and a rather ghoulish one), that can be made about any tragedy; yes, no matter how bad something is, there's always something worse. It's the fact that this is an unusual occurrence that makes it noteworthy. The guidelines ask us to converse curiously and avoid generic tangents and shallow dismissals. https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
    • wk_end19 days ago
      FWIW: a single car crash killing 21 people would still be newsworthy in America. And I think if you math it out with something per capita equivalent, this would actually be an exceptionally bad day/incident for the US.

      But of course you're not wrong, trains are vastly safer than private cars. If anyone uses this as evidence against having a proper rail system, they're ignorant.

      But - until someone does that, there's no reason to make this about the US or cars vs. trains. It's borderline offensive to reflexively politicize this before anyone else had; it almost feels like you're intentionally trying to sow conflict, here.

      • rubenflamshep19 days ago
        ~107 people die per day from car accidents in the USA [0].

        0. Per 2024 stats from the NHTSA (https://www.nhtsa.gov/press-releases/nhtsa-estimates-39345-t...)

        • wk_end19 days ago
          Right, so, mathing it out, the US has a population of around 340 million but Spain has a population of around 49 million. 340/49 is roughly 7, so the per capita equivalent in the US would be a single incident killing 21*7=147 people. So that'd be one incident killing 1.5x the average number of people usually killed across the rest of the country combined.

          Like I said, a pretty bad day.

          • deaux19 days ago
            A completely unremarkable day, more like it. Given stochasticity there's bound to be at least a dozen days per year with 50% more than the average, especially since car deaths depend a lot on weekday, holidays, weather and so on - much moreso than train deaths. No one would look up from it, wouldn't make the news.
            • wk_end19 days ago
              You're assuming it was the only incident in America that day, rather than an exceptional outlier stacked on top of the usual day in America.

              Yes, a single car crash killing 150 people would make the news. It would be among the worst, if not the single worst, car accident of all time [0].

              [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-vehicle_collision

              • deaux19 days ago
                > And I think if you math it out with something per capita equivalent, this would actually be an exceptionally bad day/incident for the US.

                This is now how I interpreted "bad day", think it would be clearer to remove "day" if that's what you meant. Of course you're right in that it would be awful as a car accident, they simply don't happen that many as a time. Which is why our monkey brain's lack of emotional response to "many small cuts" vs "one big cut" incorrectly causes the belief that cars and e.g. coal/gas are much safer than they are.

                • Dylan1680719 days ago
                  > "many small cuts" vs "one big cut" incorrectly causes the belief that cars and e.g. coal/gas are much safer than they are

                  Did anyone say that? This conversation was mostly about newsworthiness.

      • pfdietz19 days ago
        https://international-railway-safety-council.com/safety-stat...

        In Europe, trains are 28 times safer than cars (fatalities per passenger-km).

        • anthk18 days ago
          I was born in the mid-late 80's, and I remember the 90's being an era where everyone knew in the remotest tiny village about youngsters dying in-road (usually because of being drunk). Dark ages.

          You would find car related fatalities for granted every Summer in the news.

      • angra_mainyu19 days ago
        The discourse here is more of a criticism of Puentes, who is a very controversial minister overseeing this.
    • dankwizard19 days ago
      Unusual for a train though.

      We already know Americans can't drive but with trains like... how do you mess up a straight line?

      • georgemcbay19 days ago
        > how do you mess up a straight line?

        One thing I learned working on a system that did train positioning for the 7 Line subway in NYC is that train systems are a lot more complicated than just straight lines. They are complicated networks with custom signaling and the trains don't necessarily travel on the usual side in the usual direction at all times.

        That said, in this particular case it basically was just two straight lines side by side and one of the trains derailed and travelled into the path of the other track.

        Trains don't often derail on straight sections, likely either someone fucked up really bad on rail maintenance or someone sabotaged the rail.

        • 19 days ago
          undefined
      • toomuchtodo19 days ago
        > For the last decade, an average of 1,300 trains derailed each year (in the US), accounting for 61% of all train accidents.

        https://usafacts.org/articles/are-train-derailments-becoming...

        > In 2024, there were 1,507 significant railway accidents in the EU, with a total of 750 people killed and 548 seriously injured.

        https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php...

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailment

        • rsynnott19 days ago
          I'm half-convinced our good friends the magic robots are totally defeating peoples' ability to read.

          > In 2024, there were 1,507 significant railway accidents in the EU, with a total of 750 people killed and 548 seriously injured.

          See the graph titled "Rail accidents by type of accident". There were 63 derailments in 2024; most of the accidents were non-fatal accidents of this type: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php...

        • jacquesm19 days ago
          The bulk of those are accidents involving railway crossings. There is a program to get rid of all level crossings in NL but it will take a lot of time and cost a ton of money. But there really is no way in which you can make a level crossing safe in combination with normal train speeds.
        • fsckboy19 days ago
          American trains are largely freight travelling long rural distances. You didn't mention it, so I presume because you didn't take it into account, so your statistics sound to me like they don't mean anything comparable.
          • toomuchtodo19 days ago
            Derailments are common is what the stats show. US derailments are largely property damage as they are freight centric, while in Europe, passenger deaths are higher due to more heavy passenger utilization. Derailment is hard to defend against.
            • Symbiote19 days ago
              No, they are not common. The numbers you've been given are completely wrong.

              The GGP has quoted the derailments figure from the USA page, but the total accidents (including trespassers and level crossing accidents) for the EU.

              The EU page they cite says there were 63 derailments in 2024.

              A derailment in Europe tends to make the news even when there are no injuries.

              This single accident has killed more train passengers in Spain than were killed in the whole EU in 2024 (16).

      • userbinator19 days ago
        ...when they come off the tracks.

        a high-speed train travelling from Malaga to Madrid derailed and crossed over onto another track

        • Dylan1680719 days ago
          Yes we know it derailed, that's not the answer to *how* it failed on a straight line.

          How in the cause and effect sense, not which direction it went.

  • elnatro19 days ago
    [flagged]
    • arielcostas19 days ago
      Every government in Spain for the last decade or more has been cutting corners in maintaining the rail networks: high speed (where this accident happened), the conventional network and commuter rail. You failed to mention the fact our budget has been extended since 2023, that the actual track where this happened was given maintenance under a year ago (per the minister, [^1]) and the train that first derailed (Iryo's ETR1000) was last checked 4 days ago.

      Regarding the former Minister (Ábalos), he's awaiting trial and not yet convicted (even though, IMHO he is probably guilty), and he hasn't been in the ministry since 2021[^2] so it makes no sense to bring it up when he has been out for nearly 4.5 years now.

      [^1]: https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/espana/2026/01/18/osca... [^2]: https://www.elconfidencialdigital.com/articulo/otros/jose-lu...

      • elnatro19 days ago
        According to current minister, the issues come from others before him, so it indeed makes sense to bring that up.

        Blaming others for the current underinvestment of the railway network is disingenuous.

        • jacquesm19 days ago
          Politicians always blame their predecessors.
          • throwaway8582519 days ago
            That's the innovation of democracy. It allows a change of course without locking in policy.
    • melted_cursor19 days ago
      > The current government has been found to be cutting corners

      Where do the articles mention that the current government has been cutting corners? In fact, they have increased the current investment plan on the Cercanías commuter railway network to more than 7,000 million euro, from 5.000 million that the previous government planned[1].

      Now, this isn't to that the current political landscape is fine because ( as portrayed by the last articles ) is totally unacceptable, and of course that affects the rail network negatively.

      [1]: https://maldita.es/malditateexplica/20231212/cercanias-madri...

      • kaoD19 days ago
        Quick reminder that more spending does not equal better spending.
      • elnatro19 days ago
        [flagged]
        • Mordisquitos19 days ago
          > Maldita.es is founded by ex-employees of La Sexta, a TV channel known to be politically aligned with the socialist party (currently in the government).

          How does that relate to the Maldita.es article linked by GP commenter? The article starts by debunking a false claim that was made by a minister in the socialist government against the conservative regional government of Madrid.

          • elnatro19 days ago
            [flagged]
            • Mordisquitos19 days ago
              Does fact-checking a false statement made by a government minister make it a "politically-charged" news article?
              • embedding-shape19 days ago
                I think is one of those "dont feed the troll" situations (which I may have failed myself just now too).
        • melted_cursor19 days ago
          > Maldita.es is founded by ex-employees of La Sexta, a TV channel known to be politically aligned with the socialist party

          In this particular article they were fact-checking a wrong claim made by the socialist party, to me that shows that besides their alignment, they care about fact checking information. They also mention that the last three development plans were developed by PP ( People's party ) -- if they're aligned with the socialist party, why are they mentioning this and leave the socialist party "in a bad light"?

          In regard to the state of the railway network, I totally agree with what you mentioned. Thought corruption will inevitably occur and doesn't mean that the persons above are aware of it nor that the socialist party is intentionally cutting funds. Nonetheless, totally unacceptable.

    • heyheyhouhou19 days ago
      I think you are just stirring the pot and cherry picking news.

      "Cercanias" is a different rail network to the one where the accident happened (high-speed). Also the political issue that you are mentioning happened 5 years ago on a single individual not directly affiliated to the organization that manages the rail network. Please let's be serious and bring constructive things to the conversation

    • severino19 days ago
      What does the "Cercanías" conmuter network in Madrid have to do with the high-speed AVE network where the accident took place? They are two different networks, and even if the first one isn't well maintained as you claim, it doesn't mean the other one has to be in the same situation.

      Also, it's been four and a half years since the former Transport Minister who is in jail left the office (july 2021).

    • RobertoG19 days ago
      I can tell that you really don't like the current government but you should relax a little.

      There is an accident with death people, maybe people still trapped there and the causes are still unknown. Too early to start playing politics, don't you think?

      • elnatro19 days ago
        [flagged]
        • severino19 days ago
          > Is this a poor way of attempting to attack my arguments either an ad hominem?

          They're only warning that your comments about this accident seem to be politically motivated, so that they should be taken with a grain of salt.

        • heyheyhouhou19 days ago
          you dont look so...
          • elnatro19 days ago
            [flagged]
            • embedding-shape19 days ago
              Bring up unrelated accidents strikes me as not being completely honest. Why you didn't mention that what you are talking about is a different train network where the accident was today?

              Maybe because it would make your point very weak, and you know this. That's why you seem "not relaxed".

              • elnatro19 days ago
                [flagged]
                • embedding-shape19 days ago
                  Source of you being intentionally misleading? Sure: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46675778
                  • elnatro19 days ago
                    [flagged]
                    • embedding-shape19 days ago
                      > Is showing that the government is underfunding railways being misleading?

                      When the accident happened in a different rail network than the one you're highlighting as being underfunded, yes, of course. In what world wouldn't this be misleading?

                      Not even our shit TV networks does stuff like that, and they're generally very quick at being partisan and misleading.

                      • elnatro19 days ago
                        In a world where there is underfunding in all railway networks, both Cercanías and high speed railway (other thing is that you don’t want to see it).
    • smcl19 days ago
      Anyone serious about rail engineering or safety isn't excitedly dashing off comments pointing fingers before the dust has even settled. Those who are doing that - such as the comment I am replying to - should be ignored
    • rawling19 days ago
      From [2] (machine-translated):

      > The accident occurred near Atocha station, on a curve where signage indicates a speed limit of 45 kilometers per hour. However, sources consulted by this newspaper assert that the train, out of control, easily approached speeds of 90 to 100 kilometers per hour, ultimately resulting in the derailment. [...] Two mechanics who were inside the wrecked train escaped injury.

      Any indication they deliberately derailed the train?

      Edit: yes! E.g.

      https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2024/10/22/railway-w...

      (Non-specific?)

      https://euroweeklynews.com/2024/10/26/investigation-reveals-...

      (Says the train was diverted away from others, rather than deliberately derailed maybe)

    • ThePowerOfFuet19 days ago
      >Indeed last year some machinists had to derail a train to stop it from crashing other[2].

      They were pulling it uphill with another unit, and the coupler broke so it rolled backwards and flipped at the curve.

      • elnatro19 days ago
        Im what context it is normal to derail a train to avoid a crash with another one?
        • jojomodding19 days ago
          https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-made/the-runaway-swiss-tr...

          More often than you think.

          https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_points

          Especially when the train to be derailed is slow-moving or a freight train or runaway.

        • 171862744019 days ago
          Actually for shunting that is normal. Derailment during shunting operations is a frequent occurrence and there are derailment facilities where shunting can occur, which get activated every time a train passes. What is rare is having an actual train derail.

          As I don't know whether you are referring to an actual train, or just use that as a term for moving railway cars, the answer to your question could be either yes or no.

        • pxndxx19 days ago
          What course of action would you have suggested?
          • elnatro19 days ago
            Not have to do it in the first place because of automated controls and fail-safes?
            • embedding-shape19 days ago
              Sure, but in this case, those don't have exist and you need to make a tough choice, so which is it?
              • elnatro19 days ago
                Not having fail-safes is the issue itself.
                • embedding-shape19 days ago
                  So smart, do you not understand the question? Don't answer if you can't, instead of trying to weasel. You're acting like the Spanish politicians now.
                  • elnatro19 days ago
                    You are answering all my comments with dismissing my points. Are you angry at them? Feel that your party threatened by them?

                    You are acting like a good politician servant. I am bringing facts to the conversation while you try to derail it.

                    • embedding-shape18 days ago
                      Huh? I'm answering to a whole lot of comments, not just yours, you're not special ;)

                      I'm not angry at you or your comments, I'm mad about misinformation and opinion-pieces lacking nuance though, that I can confess. I have no party, I purposefully don't vote in the nationwide elections, only in local elections.

                      Anything else you'd like to know about me? Or we're good-to-go for second date already?

                      • elnatro18 days ago
                        You have no party but have a narrative pro-current government, while the corruption in Adif is at the worst level of history in Spain. Bravo!
                  • ThePowerOfFuet11 days ago
                    As someone who works in the sector, I can say that they're right.
                • 171862744019 days ago
                  The usual fail-safe is actually a derailment mechanism.
    • GrowingSideways19 days ago
      Let's not speculate. I'm the first to be skeptical of government but this just makes people skeptical of your words.
      • embedding-shape19 days ago
        This is the problem. I'm skeptical of all our sides of government, they haven't done a lot for us to trust them, and keep chucking our trust into the bin.

        But that doesn't mean we should resolve into skipping nuance, not understanding situations and critically evaluate what everyone is claiming. Mixing together two networks in order to score some cheap internet points, when the point doesn't even hold up to the most basic scrutiny, does the opposite of helping the case of proving how shit the government is.

    • kranke15519 days ago
      information war.
    • littlestymaar19 days ago
      I know nothing about Spanish politics or the railway network there, but jumping on blaming the government before even the beginning of the investigation, when we don't have a clue about the causes of the accident and when the emergency service haven't even finished recovering the victims body yet, is a revulsing attempt at political recuperation.
    • 18 days ago
      undefined
  • shevy-java19 days ago
    What is tragic is that the high tech approach here ("super-fast trains") does not put security at the forefront. This should have been the number #1 criterium from the get go, already during the planning stage. The usual reason this is not done is because of cutting down on costs, but just simple things such as: how can it be possible that another train comes by at the same time and crashes? This would not have prevented the one train going off, but you have to wonder how that is even possible design-wise to catch two trains. And even trains going off, should not be possible - this can most assuredly be detected as it happens, so what counter-measures are available to minimize damage and maximize safety?