Undocumented immigrants paid $96.7 billion in federal, state, and local taxes in 2022, including $59.4 billion to the federal government and $37.3 billion to state and local governments. Notably, they contributed $25.7 billion in Social Security taxes and $6.4 billion in Medicare taxes—programs they are largely barred from accessing. In California alone, undocumented immigrants paid $8.5 billion in state and local taxes in 2022.

Research using Texas arrest data from 2012-2018 found that undocumented immigrants have substantially lower crime rates than both native-born citizens and legal immigrants. U.S.-born citizens were over 2 times more likely to be arrested for violent crimes, 2.5 times more likely for drug crimes, and over 4 times more likely for property crimes compared to undocumented immigrants. For specific offenses like homicide, assault, and sexual assault, undocumented immigrants were roughly half as likely to be arrested as native-born citizens.