105 pointsby mattweinberg3 days ago11 comments
  • userbinator2 days ago
    • bigstrat20032 days ago
      It's always blown my mind that software would depend on that behavior. What possessed people to do that? It's very obviously a bad idea.
      • toast02 days ago
        If the system behavior is defined to wrap around, using defined system behavior to reduce code complexity makes perfect sense.

        This was in an era where new computer systems usually meant throwing away all the existing software and rewriting it (or doing a fresh port anyway). Why would you assume someone would extend the system and cause trouble.

      • rasz2 days ago
        Im blown away at how small a number of software depended on the wraparound and IBM still forced A20 hack on us all.
  • messe2 days ago
    Something this article doesn't mention is how the A20 gate was toggled: by writing to registers on the keyboard controller.

    I was always thought this was a completely inexplicable design choice, until I started working in embedded, working with hardware engineers, and having to go through schematics myself. I now entirely understand the choice of wanting to minimize the redesign work and going with the one free pin available (our product has made similar choices too at this stage).

    • st_goliath2 days ago
      The original IBM PC used an Intel 8048 microcontroller inside the keyboard and an 8255 I/O controller on the main board to communicate with the keyboard.

      The PC AT (which had an 80286), later replaced the 8255 with an 8042 microcontroller too. It was running firmware, so re-purposing it for a Hodge-poge of other tasks became trivial. A single GPIO pin was used for masking the A20 line and another for handling CPU reset. Having a total of 24 programmable I/O lines, I guess this could have been done with the 8255 too, but the microcontroller probably allowed simpler interfacing with the CPU and bought them more flexibility for future expansion.

      For the article, this is mostly irrelevant. As somebody else noted, the Xbox wasn't supposed to be able to toggle/mask the A20 line, but later x86 CPUs had already integrated the A20 masking feature into the CPU itself and exposed an A20 control line. The Xbox simply tied the A20 enable line to a fixed potential, the hack described in the article requires a simple hardware modification to change that (https://xboxdevwiki.net/File:Haxar-a20m.jpg).

      • Linux kernel still has the option to try and use the keyboard to reset the system while rebooting. (Just an aside)
    • wrs2 days ago
      Similarly, on the original Macintosh one of the mouse axis encoders was connected to the carrier detect pin of the serial port chip. Thus, in early versions of the OS, if you closed the serial driver, the mouse would only move horizontally (or was it vertically?).
  • mjg592 days ago
    A20 bugs were still with us until at least 2009, when I tripped over one: https://mjg59.livejournal.com/118098.html . I love the visualisations in this post, it makes it much clearer what's actually going on.
  • pwdisswordfishz2 days ago
    I was confused as to why Xbox would ever enable a feature intended for backwards compatibility with systems it does not need to be compatible with. Especially at boot time. Turns out it did not; this apparently required a hardware modification to pull off.

    https://xboxdevwiki.net/Exploits#A20M.23_hack

  • msk-lywenn2 days ago
    I highly recommend watching the deconstructing xbox talk. It gets very funny.

    https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9NqLljaHc80

  • junon2 days ago
    Building an operating system currently. This isn't just Xbox, we still have to do this in bootloaders.
  • heraldgeezer2 days ago
    What a machine. Would have liked to see PS2 games maxed out on XBOX if possible. Imagine RE4/FFXII versions of those games on xbox?

    Still, Halo 2 legendary is unmatched.

  • 486sx332 days ago
    [dead]
  • 2 days ago
    undefined
  • LongjumpingCat2 days ago
    [flagged]
    • ljf2 days ago
      As an FYI to others, it appears this account (and others in this thread) might be a bot.
      • glimshe2 days ago
        I didn't notice it at first but once you said it, it became obvious. There is a cheesiness to LLM comments that is hard for humans to emulate... Although it's still plausible that a person would say something like that.
        • ljfa day ago
          I'll be honest, I upvoted it at first, and it was only when I saw the 2nd very similar post here and then went into their cookie cutter post histories.
    • endlessvoid942 days ago
      Same. I modded my original Xbox back in the day. It was a lot of fun and I learned a lot.
  • OkPin2 days ago
    What really caught my attention is how this marketing snippet highlights the tension between authenticity and polish in gaming culture. Xbox was trying to hit that sweet spot, it wanted to feel edgy and gamer-friendly but the copy ended up sounding like corporate speak.
    • eddythompson802 days ago
      This is a bot, right? Same with all the new accounts commenting completely unrelated things?
      • cebert2 days ago
        Based on this post and others, it looks like a spammy account to me.