This paper has always amazed me. It's an incredibly creative means to getting the characteristics of a recurring shape from a noisy time series signal. It's sort of like what wavelet analysis does. It's remarkably effective.
The author skips a lot of steps in his work in the paper. Here is a link to a stepwise derivation of the method.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ytbqe-zL9j7hddm4TTU3egXdnm7...
https://github.com/whimsicalraps/Mannequins-Technical-Maps/b...
The method is really good at getting the characteristics of the recurring shapes. In the case of ramps, it's good at getting the average height of the ramps and the average duration of the ramps.