309 pointsby anigbrowl6 days ago20 comments
  • hn_user821796 days ago
    Reading the title, I assumed James' donation was a one-time thing and scientists had sequenced something in his blood which was later used for the babies he'd saved, but no, he gave blood almost 1200 times in his life. Absolutely incredible. He was 81 the last time he donated blood.

    >According to Lifeblood, 17% of Australian women who become pregnant end up needing anti-D injections — and most of the country's supply comes from a pool of less than 200 regular plasma donors.

    This was the most shocking part of this article though. I've never heard of "anti-D" but it sounds incredibly needed and that's a very small supply.

    • devilbunny6 days ago
      D is another name, as the article explains, for Rh (Rhesus) factor. Since some fetal blood ends up in the maternal circulation during birth, an Rh-positive baby with an Rh-negative mother will trigger mom’s immune system to make anti-Rh antibodies, which causes problems for any future Rh-positive babies. Giving mom anti-Rh antibodies immediately after delivery scavenges all those Rh antigens from mom’s blood before her immune system can react. She has to repeat this for every Rh-positive birth.
      • andrewla6 days ago
        There's more information in one of the linked articles [1]. Apparently some very small percentage of Rh-negative people have an enzyme which allows them to accept Rh-positive blood; that's the "anti-D" factor which saves these lives.

        [1] https://www.lifeblood.com.au/blood/learn-about-blood/plasma/...

      • blindriver6 days ago
        How many millions of babies have died because of this? Humans truly are incredible that we were able to figure this out, and this guy is a hero for donating blood as often as he did. He needs to be memorialized.
        • throwup2386 days ago
          It's hard to say because it depends on population genetics and demographic patterns which vary widely over time period and culture, but it's probably in the ballpark of a hundred million or more in the totality of human existence. I'm on my phone and can't access my notes so I'm going from memory but if we are to take the hemolytic fatality rate in Sub-Saharan Africa as the upper limit, it's on the order of 0.1% of all births. Given the general estimate of 100-120 billion humans who have ever lived, the numbers are staggering.
          • blindriver6 days ago
            Thank you, that is an incredible number of deaths and the fact that someone was able to study this and figure out a solution is just mind boggling.
    • quesera6 days ago
      Imagine saving 2000 lives by sitting down for 30 minutes with a coffee and biscuit.

      What they don't say is whether these 200 donors constitute more or less than 100% of the clinical need for anti-D plasma.

      If my contributions were that valuable, I'd wonder if it made sense to keep me on life support just to extract my blood every two weeks. But alas, blood donors in Australia must be 81 years or younger, so I guess the question is academic in this case.

      • Scoundreller6 days ago
        > But alas, blood donors in Australia must be 81 years or younger, so I guess the question is academic in this case.

        > Once you’re 81 you must have donated in Australia in the last 5 years to remain eligible.

        https://www.lifeblood.com.au/faq/eligibility/other/age?_gl=1....

        (That’s the nastiest long URL I’ve ever seen. All I did was click the “find out more” link here: https://www.lifeblood.com.au/blood/eligibility/quiz )

      • wkat42422 days ago
        > Imagine saving 2000 lives by sitting down for 30 minutes with a coffee and biscuit.

        I tried doing it too but it's a lot more involved. I don't have this anti-D thing though. Just normal blood.

        You need to go through an interview, a medical check and various forms.

        Once I went through all that they told me I can't give any :(. Multiple sex partners, regular tattoos etc. I did want to and was prepared to do it regularly. I can see how they are having difficulty getting enough. But anyway I tried.

        I wish they were better at screening blood so I could help.

      • 5 days ago
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      • belval6 days ago
        > If my contributions were that valuable, I'd wonder if it made sense to keep me on life support just to extract my blood every two weeks.

        It's a really interesting somewhat thought provoking idea. To some extent these people are valuable enough that turning them into blood factories after cerebral death is the more moral option?

        • MrLeap6 days ago
          I mulled over this for a while, thought deeply about it from a lot of angles. I think the only useful heuristic for thorny issues like this is to do our best to balance compassion for self and others, and encourage others to do the same.

          I can see it from a "yes" perspective and from a "no" perspective, and I can find reasons to regret saying either. Agency, autonomy and compassion are critical features of the scenarios that have the least regrets.

          At the bottom of that article it indicated they've successfully recreated the antibody in a lab, I hope that saves a lot of families from suffering.

          • quesera6 days ago
            I'd sign up for it.

            On the list of "best options" for my vegetative body, this would rate fairly highly.

            But yeah, like assisted suicide, there are people with non-aligned motives who could be incentivized to coerce a decision from weak/befuddled/old patients.

            There are many decisions I'd like to make now, while of sound mind and body, that I would like to be respected when I am no longer able to make decisions for myself. The state allows some of them, but not all.

        • 6 days ago
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        • RandomDistort6 days ago
          By the sounds of it, if there was a painless way of doing it, he would probably be fine with this.

          If he consented when he was alive, I don't see how it could be moral to ignore his wishes and let more people die as a result.

          I guess laws will get in the way of this kind of thing though.

        • trhway6 days ago
          >turning them into blood factories after cerebral death

          we already turn people into transplant organs source, so i don't see much difference between harvesting a kidney, heart or blood

          • belval5 days ago
            I think the duration makes it different, the ECMO (blood + oxygen being pumped out of the body) record according to Google is something like 554 days. That's much much longer than the typical transplant.
        • Boogie_Man6 days ago
          "no"
      • chneu6 days ago
        Radiolab recently re-released an episode that kinda sorta deals with this. https://radiolab.org/podcast/the-immortal-life-of-henrietta-...
      • gus_massa6 days ago
        Is it possible to keep only a,bone that has bone marrow that produces white cells that produce the antibody? It would be less creepy, but white cell maturation is not easy, so I guess there are many problems I don't imagine.

        But there is also monoclonal antibodies for cancer, and this antibody production looks somewhat similar.

      • yencabulator5 days ago
        This made me think of the eternal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks
      • dekhn6 days ago
        My dad has been donating regular blood and then plasma for decades. I used to do it frequently- apparently, I'm "CMV negative", which is good for babies.
  • trashface6 days ago
    In the US when I lived on the west coast there were dedicated blood centers where you could donate. I have O neg blood which I think gets given to infants, so they would often call me up and get me scheduled as soon as I was eligible after the waiting period between donations. I was sometimes sluggish about scheduling a donation, but still managed to go over 20 times in the few years I lived out there.

    Then I moved to east coast, and there is basically none of that infrastructure, you have to find a mobile blood bank or be aware of some event or community site that sometimes hosts them. I'm bad at that kind of community awareness, so the upshot is I haven't donated once in the 15 years I've lived here. Always surprised by that since there are so many more people on the east coast, I'm not sure where all the blood is coming from since they are so bad about getting people to do regular donations.

    • quantumfissure5 days ago
      Where at? Where I live in Pennsylvania, and not the most populated of areas, there are at least 3 groups open all the time for donations (two local Hospital systems and the regional Blood Bank). Plus, there are no less then three mobile blood drives at fire halls; schools; churches; civic centers (i.e. VFW; Lions; Elks, etc...); libraries; etc... seemingly every week. If you don't see signs, you often see it posted in grocery stores, libraries, anywhere a community billboard might be.
      • trashface5 days ago
        Valley forge area, but also up and down montgomery county, I've never seen a dedicated blood bank. If the hospitals are taking blood they aren't advertising that. The local Y has a mobile blood bank occasionally, but I've missed it every time. I never see blood donation ads anywhere except the Y (I would miss ones in churches and most community centers though).
        • quantumfissure5 days ago
          Not to be snarky, but I grew up in ChesCo, and could've sworn there were donation centers way back even in the 90's, near KoP and West Chester.

          https://www.giveapint.org/ Locations in Pottstown/Exton, plus St Luke's Hospital

          Red Cross, lots coming up: https://www.redcrossblood.org/give.html/drive-results?dt=WB:...

          Supposedly CHOP has locations too. They do wonderful work.

          • trashface2 days ago
            You grew up in the wealthiest county in the state, some selection bias there. Look on google maps for blood donation center in the philadelphia area. Zoom out to get the suburbs. There are what, 20 or so sites listed, for an area with a population of 6 or 7 million people? That is insufficient. Even now the closest one to me is actually a drug testing site, not a donation center. Its probably at least a 30 minute drive (in bad traffic) to get to the closest listed donation center.

            I grew up in lower bucks. There were no dedicated blood centers. Before I was 22 I had never donated at anything but a mobile bloodbank. My parents hauled themselves to mobile blood banks whenever they wanted to do it. The first actual dedicated blood center I donated at was blood centers of the pacific in San Francisco. I was shocked that someone would actually build a dedicated site just for donating blood. But then later I saw Oregon did it too.

            Also there's this: https://www.inquirer.com/health/blood-donation-shortage-phil...

            • quantumfissure16 hours ago
              There was one point I was trying to make, you said there are no locations currently near you, I posted three, plus mobile units.

              There is also no selection bias. I said that in the 90's there were several near West Chester and KoP. You say ChesCo is the wealthiest. Wealth in ChesCo is entirely concentrated within the KoP; West Chester; and Valley Forge area. Which would be accurate to what I said. I did not grow up anywhere near there, rather in a very poor region, which is most of the county. It is a large county.

  • j_timberlake6 days ago
    Should they have paid him wages for all his time and effort?

    On the one hand, people should get compensation for their labor, especially since he's probably saving the healthcare system from having to do more-expensive/less-effective interventions. On the other hand, being treated like an employee sucks, so maybe it's for the best.

    Where I live, blood centers take the middle road by giving us rewards-points we can exchange for gift cards, but that adds the complication of having to manage gift cards.

    • crabmusket6 days ago
      Here's a look into the situation in Australia https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-07-07/donating-blood-plasma...

      > Despite making up just 4.2 per cent of the world's population, the United States accounts for around 70 per cent of all the source plasma in the world blood market, according to most analysts.

      > As it stands, the only countries in the world that are entirely self-sufficient for immunoglobulin are those that offer to pay their plasma donors.

      > In 2022-23, Australia imported $399.2 million worth of immunoglobulin to make up the shortfall in supplies, buying plasma products at what Mr Cahill calls "world-best prices".

      • devnullbrain6 days ago
        There are lower hanging fruit. Last time I tried to give blood in the UK involved waiting 2 months for an appointment and a 3-hour round-trip. They turned me away for a medical reason that was mentioned on the application form.

        So I drove home: the NHS are more strict than the DVLA.

        • sgerenser6 days ago
          Crazy. Around my area of the U.S., The Blood Connection has mobile blood collection buses that stop regularly at popular shopping centers, office parks, etc. Typically I don’t have to drive more than a few minutes to make a donation. And they’re also one of the ones that gives points redeemable for gift cards.
    • bangaladore6 days ago
      > Blood donors are not compensated financially under Australian law.

      This is something I find hard to agree with. I understand banning say selling of body parts (even your own). But blood / plasma?

      • j_timberlake6 days ago
        The dark truth is that the kind of people who are desperate for that money are also much more likely to have tainted blood from illegal drugs, dirty needles, and STDs.

        The bureaucracy plays it safe by just banning payment, even though people like James aren't in that risk category.

        • ksenzee6 days ago
          But every country that bans payment turns around and buys plasma from countries that don’t. So it doesn’t make their plasma supply one bit safer. All it does is make plasma-derived products rarer and more expensive.
          • burnished6 days ago
            Might be a demographic difference that explains it. I donated materials when I was a broke college student, wouldn't surprise me if the bulk came from people in similar situations
            • xnyan6 days ago
              This is correct, and is also true for healthy volunteers in clinical trials. I did them when I was a young broke college student, 100% of the healthy volunteers were where what I would consider to be quite poor.
        • hombre_fatal6 days ago
          The US already has plasma 'donation' clinics that pay you per donation. It just doesn't exist for blood.

          I made an extra $100/mo that way in uni and it paid for a lot of beer (or 1/5th of a uni textbook).

        • bangaladore6 days ago
          My understanding is all of these cases are tested for. A lifelong blood donor could still get XYZ after donating for 10 years.

          Now if you are talking about undetectable or uncommon I could understand, but that just shows a fault in the testing process.

          • arp2426 days ago
            It's been a while since I last donated blood, but last time I checked some conditions are hard to reliably check for especially in the earlier stages. For example, if I remember correct HIV is hard to reliably detect for the first ~6 months or so, as is Hepatitis B and some other conditions.

            This is why you get a questionary every time asking whether you had unprotected sex, recently had a tattoo, etc.

            • YokoZar6 days ago
              Those tests are faster now, however what remains entirely untested is simple sickness like colds. That's why you're supposed to call them if you get a cold within a few days of donating, they have no other way of knowing.
        • xnyan6 days ago
          As others have said, all countries pay. There are ways we could compensate people for the fair market value of their blood that would be resistant to abuse and risky donors. Paid vacation seems to be a good option, or a refundable tax credit that that's not realized for a year.
        • victorbjorklund6 days ago
          Better to import it from poorer countries right? Or would you wanna make it illegal to import it too which would result in many dead people?
      • chneu6 days ago
        As a lifelong donor, 10+ gallons, I don't think we should be paid for blood. It takes just a lil bit of time. Banning payment avoids a ton of issues and overhead.

        Downside is less people donate, but I don't think $10 would change that much.

        • tiluha6 days ago
          In Germany you get to eat from a tasty assortment of food after donating. When going with friends it makes for a nice little event. Fair deal
          • Lev1a6 days ago
            When I previously donated blood at the DRK, not only did I always get a Bockwurst&Brötchen along with a selection of beverages (water, cola, coffee, tea, etc.) but also a little gift bag containing a variety of little food and drink items, like a banana, an apple, little bottles/packets of fruit juice, (fruit/chocolate/etc.) joghurt cups, all in all maybe ~5-7€ worth.
            • matsemann5 days ago
              In Norway we get wine glasses or Moomin cups. Most homes I've been in have a sizeable collection of those cups.
          • wkat42422 days ago
            Here too, it's also to get your nutrients and blood pressure back up afaik. Not just as a reward.
          • ShinTakuya5 days ago
            That's the case in Australia too although the quality of the food varies.
          • renewiltord6 days ago
            Seems incredibly unethical to exploit starving people by feeding them for selling their body. Horrible stuff. But from the nation that brought us our greatest human experimentation regimen, hardly surprising.
            • pyth06 days ago
              > But from the nation that brought us our greatest human experimentation regimen, hardly surprising.

              This is not a fair judgement in this situation. I think money is a far more perverse incentive for donating blood than snacks. Also the snacks are more about helping people increase their blood sugar after giving blood than incentivizing them.

            • nucleardog5 days ago
              > But from the nation that brought us our greatest human experimentation regimen, hardly surprising.

              To assume good faith here I'd have to assume wherever you are you've never donated blood?

              When you donate blood you've lost a pint of fluids. They give you something to drink to work on rehydrating.

              The sugar in the juice and the sugary snacks are to help give you a bit of energy since... you just lost a pint of blood.

              Which is to say this is pretty standard everywhere. It's not payment. The ice pack after my vasectomy wasn't "payment for population control". It's healthcare.

            • chneu5 days ago
              Lol it's cookies and juice. Calm down. Nobody is donating blood trying to stay fed.
          • chneu6 days ago
            I tend to donate at churches and community centers because the food is more often homemade. Chatting with them old ladies is great.

            The red cross also has their "rewards" program but it's nonsense stuff like water bottles. I think you can exchange points for Amazon gift cards. Like $15/year.

          • ddingus6 days ago
            I like that! Seems very reasonable and fun too.

            Any downsides?

            • tiluha5 days ago
              One time they didn't get the needle in smoothly and it hurt a little bit, but it really wasn't too bad
        • ekaryotic6 days ago
          I think the issue is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement. positive reinforcement with money may attract tainted blood, but negative might not, unless you count blood borne diseases which predispose to suicide.

          Suppose you were to legalize euthanasia for blood donors. i.e. you could earn the right to assisted suicide after 5 years of regular donations, no questions asked. That way the religious lobby gets shut up because the blood is maintaining the population rate and the chronic mentally ill like myself can have a comfortable exit.

        • boredatoms6 days ago
          A 0.1% reduction on annual taxes would be great and dissuade most who just need a quick dollar
        • scarfaceneo6 days ago
          In Brazil you get a day off work every year to donate. Which I think is a good compromise.
  • moduspol6 days ago
    I was hoping the article would clarify how it was determined that he had this specific abnormality. I've given blood before. Is this the kind of thing they check for and would have informed me if I had? Or do doctors have to go out of their way to check for it?
    • classichasclass6 days ago
      It's not at all clear why he produced such high quality antibodies, but one theory was the sheer quantity of transfusions he had to receive after a lung operation (something on the order of 7.4L of blood). They have no idea why he continued to produce them after, however.
    • chneu6 days ago
      One of the benefits of blood donation is your blood is screened for a bunch of stuff.

      I do wish they'd expand the testing a bit. I think a lot of people would donate if it came with a metabolic panel, for example.

      • mvdtnz6 days ago
        That doesn't answer the question.
      • toast06 days ago
        There are ethical concerns if a donation is not of free will and with no expectation of benefits.

        If you get blood panel results with a "donation", it's an exchange of value, not a donation.

        • wkat42422 days ago
          Also there's more incentive to lie about things that can disqualify one like sexual practices which is not a good idea.
        • Scoundreller6 days ago
          Also ethical problems with paid staff and executives that treat the volunteer donation system like a business.

          See: various blood-donation-borne disease scandals in history.

          Nobody seems to ask for those positions to all become volunteer/unpaid.

          Nevertheless, there seems enough blood from a donation-only system, but not so for plasma (or most other live donation systems).

    • neaden6 days ago
      From the link in the article: https://www.lifeblood.com.au/blood/learn-about-blood/plasma/... it sounds like they test people who are RH negative who give plasma. So if you know you are a RH negative man or woman past childbearing years you can donate plasma and ask. I've given plasma before and it wasn't mentioned but I'm RH+.
    • quesera6 days ago
      In my experience, yes. If you give blood, they will test it in all sorts of ways, and if you are identified as having an unusual helpful factor, they will reach out and encourage you to continue donating.
  • toomuchtodo6 days ago
    Related:

    James Harrison, blood donor whose rare plasma saved babies, dies - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43242328

  • mmooss6 days ago
    It's not the most important aspect of the story, but I wonder how they prevented infection or other harm from all those blood draws. Eventually, it seems the odds would catch up to him.
  • lenerdenator6 days ago
    There needs to be a statue of that man in an important place in Australia. Maybe even some money with his face on it.
  • lofaszvanitt6 days ago
    Some device that could take your blood in a closed system at home would be also ok. You put it on after waking up, it draws the blood, the blood container seals itself. It has your identifier of some sorts. So you just drop it off at a blood drop off point and go where ever you want.
    • OkayPhysicist6 days ago
      IVs are, while not the most complicated skill a medical practitioner needs to learn, a tricky thing to get right. Too deep and you risk causing real damage, too shallow and you're not hitting the vein, wrong spot and you miss the vein, etc, etc.

      And most people wouldn't be happy with a needle permanently tapped into their vein, so not really viable.

  • iJohnDoe6 days ago
    Beautiful story. I also learned something new today. Major kudos to James Harrison.

    > He made his last donation in May 2018, surrounded by half a dozen grateful mothers holding babies who benefited from the anti-D program.

  • zingababba6 days ago
    I wonder if he was constantly taking iron. I went through a streak of donation and started feeling terrible. I got a complete iron panel done (amongst other stuff) and my ferritin was something like 20.
    • neaden6 days ago
      He was donating plasma so I don't think it should have effected his iron much compared to whole blood donation.
    • yellers6 days ago
      They check blood iron levels before each donation in Australia. They send you away if you’re too low.
      • ksenzee6 days ago
        They check hemoglobin levels before donation in the US, but they don’t check ferritin (it’s a less commonly run test in general). You can have symptoms from iron deficiency before your deficiency is reflected in your hemoglobin level, and a ferritin test will pick that up, but a quick hemoglobin screen won’t.
        • zingababba5 days ago
          Yes, this is exactly what happened to me. My hemoglobin was always in range (albeit lower, but the screeners had no problems passing me along) however my ferritin was crashed.
        • 6 days ago
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    • 6 days ago
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  • amelius6 days ago
    It's a smart thing to do, because donating blood has health benefits.
  • HenryBemis6 days ago
    I read it too earlier on BBC, I am happy that people like that 1) exist and 2) keep giving their literal blood (although we don't know if he was donating a shot or 4 pints).

    I sometimes think that "yes we are all equal" but in a (animal farm positive spin) some people are "simply better than me" and in those people I include Jane Goodall, and a few others. Well that list just got one more member. If you save a life you get a big point in my list. If you have been saving lives for 60 years, you get all the points.

    On top of that, (again I didn't expand on the reading for the topic) I didn't get a sense that the guy was asking (and getting) millions for his donations, for which I would give him even more points!!!

  • ViktorRay5 days ago
    Wow I have never heard of this man before.

    Inspirational figure.

    Thanks for posting this! I’m going to try to donate blood more often! It’s a good way to help others.

  • jebarker6 days ago
    I'm AB+ and try to donate plasma regularly. But in the city where I live there is a single place to donate and, frankly, the experience is not very pleasant. The center itself feels more like an abandoned warehouse than a medical facility and there is often some kind of tension in the air among the employees. There needs to be more convenient donation options.
  • deadbabe6 days ago
    So many were saved, surely someone here must have been saved by him, or has a child who was saved?
  • protocolture5 days ago
    He should have been paid, and he shouldnt have been forced to stop donating.
  • ChrisMarshallNY6 days ago
    That's an awesome story.

    Thanks for sharing it.

    TIL, there's something called "anti-D" plasma.

  • malkia6 days ago
    Real Hero! RIP Legend!
  • jujube36 days ago
    Rest in peace
  • tombert6 days ago
    Sounds like a genuinely decent dude.

    I really should give blood; I've resisted it all my life because my blood type isn't rare (A+), and I have an extremely strong phobia of needles, where if I see one pricking me I risk vomiting.

    I can suck it up enough to get a vaccine, and I do get my flu shots and boosters every year, but it has made the prospect of donating blood considerably less enticing. That's pretty selfish though, I should just suck it up and donate it...though I'm definitely not going to do it every two weeks like this guy.

    • arp2426 days ago
      I donated just a few times, and to be honest I really hated it. I figure that I donated about as much as I'm ever likely to receive, and that's "good enough" for this particular contribution. I seeded to a ratio of 1. Also, as AB+ it's the least useful blood type for donations (can only donate to AB+, about 2% of the population – on the plus side, can receive donations from any type).
      • Loughla6 days ago
        AB+ should be donating platelets or plasma. You're a universal donor for that. And if you're a man, you especially should be donating to save Mom's and babies.

        Source: the red cross hounds me for platelets and plasma.

        • arp2426 days ago
          Yeah dunno, they never asked/offered it as an option.
          • saalweachter5 days ago
            Honestly, if you want to give it another try, beyond donating plasma, I recommend feeling smug about it.

            No, really; it's not like a lot of work to donate blood, if there's a blood drive at your workplace or somewhere else convenient, it's just a little uncomfortable and maybe you take it easy for a couple of days after.

            So just reveling in the vainglorious satisfaction of feeling better than all those other selfish people who didn't SAVE ANY LIVES that day can be enough to outweigh the mild discomfort and bit of time you spent on the process, so the next time you see the blood drive you can look forward to the impending smugness rather than dreading the inconvenient obligation.

    • saalweachter5 days ago
      So I _think_ for A+, you're looking at just a straight forward whole blood donation -- this is the easiest sort, and you can only do it every 8 weeks.

      If you're one of the universal donor types (O and AB), they sometimes prefer to do a double-red or plasma donation, which can be done every 16 or 4 weeks. I believe platelets can be donated every week or two, but I don't know if there's a preferred blood type for those.

    • sebmellen6 days ago
      It might act as a kind of exposure therapy if you do it regularly!