Paired with something like the URL for the manual/documentation at the manufacturer's website and/or the Wayback machine (if the manufacturer is defunct and their website no longer exists), and something like Octopart (for ordering replacement components), it could have a lot of applications...
Sort of like the digital equivalent of an AI "what plant/flower/shrub/fruit/fungi is this?" for the natural world, but for man-made electronic boards and sub-components...
An extension of this would be to detect any visibly-altered components that might indicate a device failure or an unexpected change in the product being delivered.
Though you'd have to have really good pictures/angles to detect something like bulging electrolytic capacitors.